python基础学习5----字典
2021-07-17 04:05
标签:values name 删除 方法 括号 ict 返回 bsp 改变 字典由大括号和键值对组成,特点为无序,键唯一 1.字典的创建 2.字典的增加与修改 3.字典的查询,通过键去查找 4.字典的删除 5.其他创建字典的方法 6.字典的遍历 可以利用for循环 python基础学习5----字典 标签:values name 删除 方法 括号 ict 返回 bsp 改变 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sfencs-hcy/p/9532612.html#直接创建字典
dic1={‘name‘:‘a‘,‘age‘:20}
#通过dict创建字典,输出都为{‘name‘: ‘a‘, ‘age‘: 20}
dic2=dict(((‘name‘,‘a‘),(‘age‘,20)))
print(dic2)
dic3=dict([[‘name‘,‘a‘],[‘age‘,20]])
print(dic3)
dic1={‘name‘:‘a‘}
dic1[‘age‘]=20
print(dic1)
#如果字典中存在age,那么将age的值修改为20,如果不存在,则添加‘age‘:20
age=dic1.setdefault(‘age‘,18)
print(age)
#键存在,不改动,返回字典中相应的键对应的值,输出为20
hobby=dic1.setdefault(‘hobby‘,‘sport‘)
print(hobby)
#键不存在,在字典中中增加新的键值对,并返回相应的值,输出为sport
dic3={‘age‘: 20, ‘name‘: ‘a‘, ‘hobby‘: ‘sport}
print(dic3[‘name‘])#输出a
print(dic3.keys())#输出dict_keys([‘age‘, ‘name‘, ‘hobby‘]),其他同理
print(list(dic3.keys()))#输出[‘age‘, ‘name‘, ‘hobby‘]
print(list(dic3.values()))#输出[20, ‘a‘, ‘sport‘]
print(list(dic3.items()))#输出[(‘age‘, 20), (‘name‘, ‘a‘), (‘hobby‘, ‘sport‘)]
#更新字典
dic4={‘age‘: 20, ‘name‘: ‘a‘, ‘hobby‘:‘sport‘}
dic5={‘1‘:‘111‘,‘name‘:‘222‘}
dic4.update(dic5)
print(dic4)#输出{‘age‘: 20, ‘name‘: ‘222‘, ‘hobby‘: ‘sport‘, ‘1‘: ‘111‘}
print(dic5)#输出{‘1‘: ‘111‘, ‘name‘: ‘222‘}
dic5 = {‘name‘: ‘a‘, ‘age‘: 20, ‘hobby‘: sport}
dic5.clear() # 清空字典
del dic5[‘name‘] #删除字典中指定键值对
print(dic5.pop(‘age‘)) #删除字典中指定键值对,并返回该键值对的值,应该输出20
a = dic5.popitem() #随机删除某组键值对,并以元组方式返回值
del dic5 #删除整个字典
dic6=dict.fromkeys([‘host1‘,‘host2‘,‘host3‘],‘test‘)
print(dic6)#输出{‘host3‘: ‘test‘, ‘host1‘: ‘test‘, ‘host2‘: ‘test‘}
dic6=dict.fromkeys([‘host1‘,‘host2‘,‘host3‘],[‘test1‘,‘tets2‘])
print(dic6)#{‘host2‘: [‘test1‘, ‘tets2‘], ‘host3‘: [‘test1‘, ‘tets2‘], ‘host1‘: [‘test1‘, ‘tets2‘]}
dic6[‘host2‘][1]=‘test3‘
print(dic6)
#{‘host3‘: [‘test1‘, ‘test3‘], ‘host2‘: [‘test1‘, ‘test3‘], ‘host1‘: [‘test1‘, ‘test3‘]},这里不仅仅只改变了host2的值
dic5 = {‘name‘: ‘a‘, ‘age‘: 20, ‘hobby‘: ‘sport‘}
for i in dic5:
print(i,dic5[i])
for i,v in dic5.items():
print(i,v)