python基础数据类型整理

a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
a[0] = 100                                #the result ： [100, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
del a[0]　　                               #the result ： [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
a[::2]                                   # [1, 3, 5, 7]
a[-2:]                                   # [7, 8]
a[1:1] = [0,0,0]                         # the result : [1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

for i in range(10,-1,-1): # 开始位置（10），结束位置（-1）， 步长（-1）
    print i,

# 打印结果：10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
# 从10开始，每次向后取一个值，直到遇到结束位置 -1

a = [1,2,3]
a.append(4)                    　　　　　　　#the result ： [1, 2, 3, 4]

a = [‘aa‘,‘bb‘,‘cc‘,‘aa‘,‘aa‘]
print(a.count(‘aa‘))                                    #the result ： 3

a = [1,2,3]
b = [4,5,6]
a.extend(b)                    #the result ：[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

a = [1,2,3,1]
print(a.index(1))                                    #the result ： 0

a = [1,2,3]
a.insert(0,‘aa‘)            #the result : [‘aa‘, 1, 2, 3]

a = [1,2,3]
a.pop()                                                 #the result ： [1, 2]
a.pop(0)

a = [‘aa‘,‘bb‘,‘cc‘,‘aa‘]
a.remove(‘aa‘)                       #the result ： [‘bb‘, ‘cc‘, ‘aa‘]

a = [‘a‘,‘b‘,‘c‘]
a.reverse()                  #the result ： [‘c‘, ‘b‘, ‘a‘]

a = [‘a‘,‘b‘,‘c‘,1,2,3]
a.sort()                        #the result ：[1, 2, 3, ‘a‘, ‘b‘, ‘c‘]

li = [11,22,33]
for k,v in enumerate(li, 1):
    print(k,v)

#1、range根据start与stop指定的范围以及step设定的步长，生成一个序列：range([start,] stop[, step])
#2、xrange 用法与 range 完全相同，所不同的是生成的不是一个list对象，而是一个生成器
for i in range(1,10,2):
    print(i)

法1：
filter(None, your_list)

法2：
while ‘‘ in your_list:
    your_list.remove(‘‘)

法3：
your_list = [x for x in your_list if x != ‘‘]

#1. 创建元组
a = (1,2,3,4,5,6)
#2. 将列表转换成元组
tuple([1,2,3,4])                                    #the result ： (1, 2, 3, 4)

num = 100
print("%d to hex is %x" %(num, num))        #100 to hex is 64
print("%d to hex is %#x" %(num, num))       #100 to hex is 0x64

#1. 位置参数
print("{0} is {1} years old".format("tom", 28))           #tom is 28 years old
print("{} is {} years old".format("tom", 28))             #tom is 28 years old
print("Hi, {0}! {0} is {1} years old".format("tom", 28)) #Hi, tom! tom is 28 years old

#2. 关键字参数
print("{name} is {age} years old".format(name = "tom", age = 28))    #tom is 28 years old

#3. 下标参数
li = ["tom", 28]
print("{0[0]} is {0[1]} years old".format(li))          #tom is 28 years old

a = ‘abcdefghijk‘
print(a.find(‘abc‘))                           #the result ： 0
print(a.find(‘abc‘,10,100))                    #the result ： 11  指定查找的起始和结束查找位置

a = [‘1‘,‘2‘,‘3‘]
print(‘+‘.join(a))                                    #the result ： 1+2+3

print(‘1+2+3+4‘.split(‘+‘))                            #the result ： [‘1‘, ‘2‘, ‘3‘, ‘4‘]

print("   test   test    ".strip())                #the result ：“test   test”

print("This is a test".replace(‘is‘,‘is_test‘))     #the result ： This_test is_test a test

>>> s = ‘aBdkndfkFFD‘
>>> s.capitalize()
‘Abdkndfkffd‘

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from xpinyin import Pinyin

while True:
    p = Pinyin()
    fullname = raw_input(‘name：‘).strip()
    fullname = fullname.decode(‘utf8‘)
    print fullname
    xin = fullname[0]
    ming = fullname[1:]
    name = ming + ‘.‘ + xin
    username = p.get_pinyin(name, ‘‘)
    print username
    print username + ‘@yiducloud.cn‘

phonebook = {‘Tom‘:8777,‘Jack‘:9999,‘Fly‘:6666}
print("Tom‘s Phonenumber is %(Tom)s" % phonebook)       #Tom‘s Phonenumber is 8777

d = {}
d[‘Tom‘]=8777
d[‘Jack‘]=9999
print(d)                                #the result : {‘Jack‘: 9999, ‘Tom‘: 8777}
d.clear()
print(d) 

d = {‘Tom‘:8777,‘Fly‘:6666}
a = d.copy()
a[‘Tom‘] = ‘改变后的值‘
print(d)                        #{‘Fly‘: 6666, ‘Tom‘: 8777}
print(a)                        #{‘Fly‘: 6666, ‘Tom‘: ‘改变后的值‘}

print({}.fromkeys([‘name‘,‘age‘]))         #the result　：　{‘age‘: None, ‘name‘: None}

d = {‘Tom‘:8777,‘Jack‘:8888,‘Fly‘:6666}
print(d.get(‘Tom‘))                                #the result ：     8777
print(d.get(‘not_exist‘))                          #the result ：     None

d = {‘Tom‘:8777,‘Jack‘:8888,‘Fly‘:6666}
for k,v in d.items():
    print(k,v)
for k in d.values():
    print(k)
for k in d.keys():
    print(k)

d = {‘Tom‘:8777,‘Jack‘:8888,‘Fly‘:6666}
v = d.pop(‘Tom‘)
print(v)                    #8777

d = {‘Tom‘:8777,‘Jack‘:8888,‘Fly‘:6666}
d.popitem()

d = {‘Tom‘:8777,‘Jack‘:8888,‘Fly‘:6666}
d.setdefault(‘Tom‘)                            #the result ： 8777
print(d.setdefault(‘Test‘))                    #the result ： None
print(d)                                    #{‘Fly‘: 6666, ‘Jack‘: 8888, ‘Tom‘: 8777, ‘Test‘: None}

d = {‘Tom‘:8777,‘Jack‘:8888,‘Fly‘:6666}
a = {‘Tom‘:110,‘Test‘:119}
d.update(a)
print(d)                        #the result ：{‘Fly‘: 6666, ‘Test‘: 119, ‘Jack‘: 8888, ‘Tom‘: 110}

keys = [‘a‘, ‘b‘]
values = [1, 2]

#1、zip生成字典
print(dict(zip(keys,values)))                                      # {‘a‘: 1, ‘b‘: 2}
#2、for循环推倒字典
print({keys[i]: values[i] for i in range(len(keys))})              # {‘a‘: 1, ‘b‘: 2}