你没见过的python语法

list1 = ["a", "b", "c"]
self, *args = list1
print(self)
print(args)

a
[‘b‘, ‘c‘]

class UpperAttrMetaClass(type):
    def __new__(cls, class_name, class_parents, class_attrs):
        # 遍历属性字典，把不是__开头的属性名字变为大写
        newAttr = {}
        for k, v in class_attrs.items():
            if not k.startswith("__"):
                newAttr[k.upper()] = v

        # 方法1：通过‘type’来创建类对象
        # return type(class_name, class_parents, newAttr)


        # 方法2：复用type.__new__方法创建类对象
        # return type.__new__(cls, class_name, class_parents, newAttr)

        # 方法3：使用super方法创建类对象
        return super(UpperAttrMetaClass, cls).__new__(cls, class_name, class_parents, newAttr)


# python3的用法
class Foo(object, metaclass=UpperAttrMetaClass):
    bar = "bip"


# 判断Foo类中是否有某个属性
print(hasattr(Foo, ‘bar‘))
print(hasattr(Foo, "BAR"))

f = Foo()
print(f.BAR)

False
True
bip

str= """
第一个：%(delim)s
第二个：%(id)s
"""
str_new = str % {‘delim‘: "$", ‘id‘: 9}
print(str_new)

第一个：$
第二个：9

def func1(*args, **kwargs):
    if not args:  # 无参数报错
        raise TypeError("descriptor ‘format‘ of ‘Formatter‘ object needs an argument")
    else:
        n_args = len(args)
        pattern = " ".join("%s," for x in range(n_args))
        # print(pattern)
    return "I am func1, my args is: " + pattern % args


if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    # 有参数正常
    res1 = func1("a1", "a2", "a3")
    print(res1)

    # 无参数报错
    res2 = func1()
    print(res2)

I am func1, my args is: a1, a2, a3,

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:/aaa-py/tmp/my00-tool.py", line 17, in 
    res2 = func1()
  File "D:/aaa-py/tmp/my00-tool.py", line 3, in func1
    raise TypeError("descriptor ‘format‘ of ‘Formatter‘ object needs an argument")
TypeError: descriptor ‘format‘ of ‘Formatter‘ object needs an argument