ruby on rails nginx 如何上传大文件？

2021-06-18 18:05

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用ruby on rails开发的web，用了carrierwave和dropzone实现了上传文件。但后来发现，一旦文件大于200M时，就不行了，特别慢，虽说carrierwave有个move_to_cache、move_to_store的选项，但好像起不了作用。于是又去研究其它的上传方式，之后发现nginx的upload module比较靠普，但这样做有一个问题就是nginx必须是编译安装的，要把upload module一块编译进行才能用。在这里记录一下实现的具体流程。

一、编译安装nginx，并把upload module模块编译进去

如果没有安装编译工具，要先安装编译工具：yum -y install gcc automake autoconf libtool make

下载nginx： http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz

下载upload module： www.grid.net.ru/nginx/download/nginx_upload_module-2.2.0.tar.gz

解压：

tar -zxvf nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz

tar -zxvf nginx_upload_module-2.2.0.tar.gz

cd nginx-1.10.2

开始安装：

./configure
    --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx \
    --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf \
    --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid \
    --with-http_ssl_module \
    --with-pcre=../pcre-8.40 \
    --with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.11 \

--add-module=../nginx_upload_module-2.2.0

make && make install

如果没有权限就加上sudo

nginx -v

提示：nginx version: nginx/1.10.2，则安装成功

二、修改nginx的配置文件

# HTTPS server configuration
# 这个使用的是puma启动地址
upstream localurl {
server localhost:3000;
}

server {
listen 80;

try_files $uri/index.html $uri.html $uri @app_server;
index index.html index.htm;

client_max_body_size 2000m; # 大文件上传支持

client_body_buffer_size 1024k;

    location ~* ^/(assets)/{
        expires         max;
        gzip_static on; # to serve pre-gzipped version
        add_header Cache-Control public;
        break;
    }

    location ~* ^/(imgs|images|javascripts|stylesheets|img|assets|favicon.ico|download|fonts)/{
        access_log      off;
        log_not_found   off;
        expires         max;
        break;
    }

## send request back to apache ##

# 设置代理
location / {
proxy_pass http://localurl;

        #Proxy Settings
        proxy_redirect     off;
        proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
        proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
        proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;
        proxy_connect_timeout      200;
        proxy_send_timeout         1200;
        proxy_read_timeout         1200;
        proxy_buffer_size          4k;
        proxy_buffers              4 128k;
        proxy_busy_buffers_size    128k;
        proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;
    }

   # Upload form should be submitted to this location
    location /uploads/file_upload { # rails中要有相同可以上传的地址，用来处理上传成功后的逻辑
        # autoindex on;
         # Pass altered request body to this location
         upload_pass   @test;

        # Store files to this directory
        # The directory is hashed, subdirectories 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 should exist
        upload_store /upload_path/uploads; # 文件存放的路径

# Allow uploaded files to be read only by user
upload_store_access user:rw group:rw all:rw; # 使用的用户及权限，可以根据需要调整

        upload_limit_rate 0;
        upload_max_file_size 0;
        # Set specified fields in request body
        upload_set_form_field $upload_field_name.name "$upload_file_name";
        upload_set_form_field $upload_field_name.content_type "$upload_content_type";
        upload_set_form_field $upload_field_name.path "$upload_tmp_path";

        # Inform backend about hash and size of a file
        upload_aggregate_form_field "$upload_field_name.md5" "$upload_file_md5";
        upload_aggregate_form_field "$upload_field_name.size" "$upload_file_size";

upload_pass_form_field "^submit$|^description$";
upload_pass_form_field "authenticity_token|utf8"; #这里authenticity_token是rails的验证token，要传到后面rails里去，要不然rails会报错

upload_cleanup 400 404 499 500-505;
}

    # Pass altered request body to a backend
    location @test {
        proxy_pass   http://localurl;
    }
}

三、rails处理文件

在相应的controller里：

def file_upload

file = params["file.path"] # 接收文件的存放路径

FileUtils.mv file, "#{Rails.root}/public/uploads/filename.rar" #把文件转移需要的地方，nginx上传后的文件名是一串字符并没有扩展名，所以这里要重命名一下。