javaweb学习总结(五) - - Servlet开发(二)
2021-06-22 02:05
标签:根目录 资源 patch htm 存储 配置 获取文件 res context 在Servlet的配置文件web.xml中,可以使用一个或多个 例如: 当servlet配置了初始化参数后,web容器在创建servlet实例对象时,会自动将这些初始化参数封装到ServletConfig对象中,并在调用servlet的init方法时,将ServletConfig对象传递给servlet。进而,我们通过ServletConfig对象就可以得到当前servlet的初始化参数信息。 运行结果如下: WEB容器在启动时,它会为每个WEB应用程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象,它代表当前web应用。 范例:ServletContextDemo1和ServletContextDemo2通过ServletContext对象实现数据共享 先运行ServletContextDemo1,将数据data存储到ServletContext对象中,然后运行ServletContextDemo2就可以从ServletContext对象中取出数据了,这样就实现了数据共享,如下图所示: 在web.xml文件中使用 获取Web应用的初始化参数,代码如下: 访问的是ServletContextDemo4,浏览器显示的却是ServletContextDemo5的内容,这就是使用ServletContext实现了请求转发 项目目录结构如下: 对于不经常变化的数据,在servlet中可以为其设置合理的缓存时间值,以避免浏览器频繁向服务器发送请求,提升服务器的性能。例如 javaweb学习总结(五) - - Servlet开发(二) 标签:根目录 资源 patch htm 存储 配置 获取文件 res context 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tanlei-sxs/p/9635816.html一、ServletConfig讲解
1.1、配置Servlet初始化参数
1.2、通过ServletConfig获取Servlet的初始化参数
package com.tanlei.cn;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ServletDemo2 extends HttpServlet{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* 定义ServletConfig对象来接收配置的初始化参数
*/
private ServletConfig config;
/**
* 当servlet配置了初始化参数后,web容器在创建servlet实例对象时,
* 会自动将这些初始化参数封装到ServletConfig对象中,并在调用servlet的init方法时,
* 将ServletConfig对象传递给servlet。进而,程序员通过ServletConfig对象就可以
* 得到当前servlet的初始化参数信息。
*/
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
this.config=config;
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取在web.xml中配置的初始化参数
String paramVal=this.config.getInitParameter("name");//获取指定的初始化参数
resp.getWriter().println(paramVal);
resp.getWriter().println("
");
//获取所有的初始化参数
Enumeration二、ServletContext对象
ServletConfig对象中维护了ServletContext对象的引用,开发人员在编写servlet时,可以通过ServletConfig.getServletContext方法获得ServletContext对象。
由于一个WEB应用中的所有Servlet共享同一个ServletContext对象,因此Servlet对象之间可以通过ServletContext对象来实现通讯。ServletContext对象通常也被称之为context域对象。三、ServletContext的应用
3.1、多个Servlet通过ServletContext对象实现数据共享
package com.tanlei.cn;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ServletContextDemo1 extends HttpServlet{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String data="tl_com";
/**
* ServletConfig对象中维护了ServletContext对象的引用,开发人员在编写servlet时,
* 可以通过ServletConfig.getServletContext方法获得ServletContext对象。
*/
ServletContext context=this.getServletConfig().getServletContext();
context.setAttribute("data", data);//将data存储到ServletContext对象中
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.doPost(req, resp);
}
}
package com.tanlei.cn;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ServletContextDemo2 extends HttpServlet{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context=this.getServletContext();
String data=(String) context.getAttribute("data");
resp.getWriter().print(data);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.doPost(req, resp);
}
}
3.2、获取WEB应用的初始化参数
package gacl.servlet.study;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ServletContextDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
//获取整个web站点的初始化参数
String contextInitParam = context.getInitParameter("url");
response.getWriter().print(contextInitParam);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
3.3、用servletContext实现请求转发
ServletContextDemo4
package gacl.servlet.study;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ServletContextDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String data = "
abcdefghjkl
";
response.getOutputStream().write(data.getBytes());
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();//获取ServletContext对象
RequestDispatcher rd = context.getRequestDispatcher("/servlet/ServletContextDemo5");//获取请求转发对象(RequestDispatcher)
rd.forward(request, response);//调用forward方法实现请求转发
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}ServletContextDemo5
package gacl.servlet.study;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ServletContextDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.getOutputStream().write("servletDemo5".getBytes());
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
3.4、利用ServletContext对象读取资源文件
代码范例:使用servletContext读取资源文件
package gacl.servlet.study;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* 用类装载器读取资源文件
* 通过类装载器读取资源文件的注意事项:不适合装载大文件,否则会导致jvm内存溢出
* @author gacl
*
*/
public class ServletContextDemo7 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
/**
* response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");目的是控制浏览器用UTF-8进行解码;
* 这样就不会出现中文乱码了
*/
response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
test1(response);
response.getWriter().println("
");
test2(response);
response.getWriter().println("
");
//test3();
test4();
}
/**
* 读取类路径下的资源文件
* @param response
* @throws IOException
*/
private void test1(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
//获取到装载当前类的类装载器
ClassLoader loader = ServletContextDemo7.class.getClassLoader();
//用类装载器读取src目录下的db1.properties配置文件
InputStream in = loader.getResourceAsStream("db1.properties");
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(in);
String driver = prop.getProperty("driver");
String url = prop.getProperty("url");
String username = prop.getProperty("username");
String password = prop.getProperty("password");
response.getWriter().println("用类装载器读取src目录下的db1.properties配置文件:");
response.getWriter().println(
MessageFormat.format(
"driver={0},url={1},username={2},password={3}",
driver,url, username, password));
}
/**
* 读取类路径下面、包下面的资源文件
* @param response
* @throws IOException
*/
private void test2(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
//获取到装载当前类的类装载器
ClassLoader loader = ServletContextDemo7.class.getClassLoader();
//用类装载器读取src目录下的gacl.servlet.study包中的db4.properties配置文件
InputStream in = loader.getResourceAsStream("gacl/servlet/study/db4.properties");
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(in);
String driver = prop.getProperty("driver");
String url = prop.getProperty("url");
String username = prop.getProperty("username");
String password = prop.getProperty("password");
response.getWriter().println("用类装载器读取src目录下的gacl.servlet.study包中的db4.properties配置文件:");
response.getWriter().println(
MessageFormat.format(
"driver={0},url={1},username={2},password={3}",
driver,url, username, password));
}
/**
* 通过类装载器读取资源文件的注意事项:不适合装载大文件,否则会导致jvm内存溢出
*/
public void test3() {
/**
* 01.avi是一个150多M的文件,使用类加载器去读取这个大文件时会导致内存溢出:
* java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
*/
InputStream in = ServletContextDemo7.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("01.avi");
System.out.println(in);
}
/**
* 读取01.avi,并拷贝到e:\根目录下
* 01.avi文件太大,只能用servletContext去读取
* @throws IOException
*/
public void test4() throws IOException {
// path=G:\Java学习视频\JavaWeb学习视频\JavaWeb\day05视频\01.avi
// path=01.avi
String path = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/01.avi");
/**
* path.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1是一个非常绝妙的写法
*/
String filename = path.substring(path.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);//获取文件名
InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/01.avi");
byte buffer[] = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("e:\\" + filename);
while ((len = in.read(buffer)) > 0) {
out.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
out.close();
in.close();
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}四、在客户端缓存Servlet的输出
package gacl.servlet.study;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ServletDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String data = "abcddfwerwesfasfsadf";
/**
* 设置数据合理的缓存时间值,以避免浏览器频繁向服务器发送请求,提升服务器的性能
* 这里是将数据的缓存时间设置为1天
*/
response.setDateHeader("expires",System.currentTimeMillis() + 24 * 3600 * 1000);
response.getOutputStream().write(data.getBytes());
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
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