Spring Boot实践——事件监听

2021-06-29 02:03

阅读:702

  Spring Boot扩展了Spring的ApplicationContextEvent,提供了四种事件:

  1. ApplicationStartedEvent :spring boot启动开始时执行的事件
  2. ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent:spring boot 对应Enviroment已经准备完毕,但此时上下文context还没有创建。
  3. ApplicationPreparedEvent:spring boot上下文context创建完成,但此时spring中的bean是没有完全加载完成的。
  4. ApplicationFailedEvent:spring boot启动异常时执行事件

事件监听实现

一、Spring Boot提供的四种事件

  1、事件监听器

  不多说,直接上代码

  ApplicationStartedEvent事件

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.context.event.ApplicationStartedEvent;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;

/**
 * Spring Boot扩展了Spring的ApplicationContextEvent,提供了四种事件:
 * ApplicationStartedEvent :spring boot启动开始时执行的事件
 * ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent:spring boot 对应Enviroment已经准备完毕,但此时上下文context还没有创建。
 * ApplicationPreparedEvent:spring boot上下文context创建完成,但此时spring中的bean是没有完全加载完成的。
 * ApplicationFailedEvent:spring boot启动异常时执行事件
 * @ClassName: CustomApplicationListenerStarted 
 * @author OnlyMate
 * @Date 2018年9月14日 下午4:22:43  
 *
 */
public class CustomApplicationListenerStarted implements ApplicationListener {
    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomApplicationListenerEnvironmentPrepared.class);
    
    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationStartedEvent event) {
        logger.info("CustomApplicationListenerStarted ==> onApplicationEvent method");
    }

}

ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent事件

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.context.event.ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;

/**
 * Spring Boot扩展了Spring的ApplicationContextEvent,提供了四种事件:
 * ApplicationStartedEvent :spring boot启动开始时执行的事件
 * ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent:spring boot 对应Enviroment已经准备完毕,但此时上下文context还没有创建。
 * ApplicationPreparedEvent:spring boot上下文context创建完成,但此时spring中的bean是没有完全加载完成的。
 * ApplicationFailedEvent:spring boot启动异常时执行事件
 * @ClassName: CustomApplicationListenerEnvironmentPrepared 
 * @author OnlyMate
 * @Date 2018年9月14日 下午4:22:43  
 *
 */
public class CustomApplicationListenerEnvironmentPrepared implements ApplicationListener {
    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomApplicationListenerEnvironmentPrepared.class);
    
    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent event) {
        logger.info("CustomApplicationListenerEnvironmentPrepared ==> onApplicationEvent method : {}", getClass().getSimpleName());
    }

ApplicationPreparedEvent事件

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.context.event.ApplicationPreparedEvent;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;

/**
 * Spring Boot扩展了Spring的ApplicationContextEvent,提供了四种事件:
 * ApplicationStartedEvent :spring boot启动开始时执行的事件
 * ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent:spring boot 对应Enviroment已经准备完毕,但此时上下文context还没有创建。
 * ApplicationPreparedEvent:spring boot上下文context创建完成,但此时spring中的bean是没有完全加载完成的。
 * ApplicationFailedEvent:spring boot启动异常时执行事件
 * @ClassName: CustomApplicationListenerPrepared 
 * @author OnlyMate
 * @Date 2018年9月14日 下午4:22:43  
 *
 */
public class CustomApplicationListenerPrepared implements ApplicationListener {
    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomApplicationListenerEnvironmentPrepared.class);
    
    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationPreparedEvent event) {
        logger.info("CustomApplicationListenerPrepared ==> onApplicationEvent method : {}", getClass().getSimpleName());
    }

}

ApplicationFailedEvent事件

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.context.event.ApplicationFailedEvent;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;

/**
 * Spring Boot扩展了Spring的ApplicationContextEvent,提供了四种事件:
 * ApplicationStartedEvent :spring boot启动开始时执行的事件
 * ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent:spring boot 对应Enviroment已经准备完毕,但此时上下文context还没有创建。
 * ApplicationPreparedEvent:spring boot上下文context创建完成,但此时spring中的bean是没有完全加载完成的。
 * ApplicationFailedEvent:spring boot启动异常时执行事件
 * @ClassName: CustomApplicationListenerFailed 
 * @author OnlyMate
 * @Date 2018年9月14日 下午4:22:43  
 *
 */
public class CustomApplicationListenerFailed implements ApplicationListener {
    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomApplicationListenerEnvironmentPrepared.class);
    
    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationFailedEvent event) {
        logger.info("CustomApplicationListenerFailed ==> onApplicationEvent method : {}", getClass().getSimpleName());
    }

}

  2、注册事件监听器

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;

import com.only.mate.springboot.listener.original.CustomApplicationListenerEnvironmentPrepared;
import com.only.mate.springboot.listener.original.CustomApplicationListenerFailed;
import com.only.mate.springboot.listener.original.CustomApplicationListenerPrepared;
import com.only.mate.springboot.listener.original.CustomApplicationListenerStarted;


@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
//使用 @EnableWebMvc 注解,需要以编程的方式指定视图文件相关配置;
//@EnableWebMvc
//使用 @EnableAutoConfiguration 注解,会读取 application.properties 或 application.yml 文件中的配置
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ServletComponentScan//springboot启动类扫描servlet组件(过滤器)
public class Application {
    public static ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Application.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        startApplication(args);
    }

    public static ApplicationContext startApplication(String[] args) {
        if (applicationContext == null) {
            logger.info(" >>> Springboot Application 开始启动...");
            SpringApplicationBuilder builder = new SpringApplicationBuilder(Application.class);
            SpringApplication application = builder.application();
            application.addListeners(new CustomApplicationListenerEnvironmentPrepared());//这里注册事件监听器
            application.addListeners(new CustomApplicationListenerFailed());//这里注册事件监听器
            application.addListeners(new CustomApplicationListenerPrepared());//这里注册事件监听器
            application.addListeners(new CustomApplicationListenerStarted());//这里注册事件监听器
            
            applicationContext = application.run(args);
            logger.info(" >>> Springboot Application 启动完成!");
        }
        return applicationContext;
    }
    
    public static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext() {
        if (applicationContext == null) {
            logger.error(" >>> Error:Springboot Application ApplicationContext is Null.");
        }
        return applicationContext;
    }

}

@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
//使用 @EnableWebMvc 注解,需要以编程的方式指定视图文件相关配置;
//@EnableWebMvc
//使用 @EnableAutoConfiguration 注解,会读取 application.properties 或 application.yml 文件中的配置
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ServletComponentScan//springboot启动类扫描servlet组件(过滤器)
public class Application {
    public static ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Application.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication application = new SpringApplication(Application.class);
        application.addListeners(new CustomApplicationListenerEnvironmentPrepared());//这里注册事件监听器
        application.addListeners(new CustomApplicationListenerFailed());//这里注册事件监听器
        application.addListeners(new CustomApplicationListenerPrepared());//这里注册事件监听器
        application.addListeners(new CustomApplicationListenerStarted());//这里注册事件监听器
        application.run(args);
    }
}

注意:注册事件监听器一定要在启动之前注册。

  3、效果图

技术分享图片

技术分享图片

启动成功是只有三个事件被监听到的。

二、自定义事件监听

  Spring的事件遵循的流程:

  1. 自定义事件,继承ApplicationEvent(org.springframework.context.ApplicationEvent)
  2. 自定义监听,实现ApplicationListener(org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener)接口,然后实现onApplicationEvent方法
  3. 使用容器触发事件

  1、自定义事件

/**
 * @Description: 自定义事件 
 * @ClassName: CustomEvent 
 * @author OnlyMate
 * @Date 2018年9月14日 下午3:01:58  
 *
 */
public class CustomEvent extends ApplicationEvent {
    
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -7058371859589691525L;
    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomEvent.class);    
    
    private String msg;
    
    public CustomEvent(Object source,String msg) {
        super(source);
        this.msg = msg;
    }

    /**
     * 自定义监听器触发的透传打印方法
     * @Title: printMsg 
     * @author OnlyMate
     * @Date 2018年9月14日 下午3:10:45 
     * @param msg
     */
    public void printMsg(String msg) {
        logger.info("CustomEvent ==> printMsg method 自定义事件: {}", msg);
    }
    
    public String getMsg() {
        return msg;
    }

    public void setMsg(String msg) {
        this.msg = msg;
    }

}

  2、自定义事件发布

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * 发布消息服务
 * @ClassName: CustomListenerServie 
 * @author OnlyMate
 * @Date 2018年9月14日 下午3:18:46  
 *
 */
@Service(value="customListenerServie")
public class CustomListenerServie {
    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomListenerServie.class);    
    
    //上下文对象
    @Resource
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    /**
     * 发布消息
     * @Title: publish 
     * @author OnlyMate
     * @Date 2018年9月14日 下午3:18:35 
     * @param msg
     */
    public void publish(String msg) {
        //通过上下文对象发布监听
        applicationContext.publishEvent(new CustomEvent(this,msg));
        logger.info("CustomListenerServie ==> publish method : {}", msg);
    }
}

  3、触发自定义事件

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import com.only.mate.springboot.listener.CustomListenerServie;

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/listener")
public class CustomListenerController {
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier(value = "customListenerServie")
    private CustomListenerServie customListenerServie;

    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping(value="/testevent")
    public String testEvent() {
        customListenerServie.publish("测试监听");
        return "success";
    }
}

  4、自定义事件监听器并注册事件监听器

  Spring Boot进行事件监听有四种方式:

  1. 手工向ApplicationContext中添加监听器
  2. 在application.properties中配置监听器
  3. 将监听器装载入Spring容器
  4. 通过@EventListener注解实现事件监听

  a、手工向ApplicationContext中添加监听器

  事件监听器
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;

/**
 * 自定义监听器,监听事件为CustomEvent
 * @ClassName: CustomListener 
 * @author OnlyMate
 * @Date 2018年9月14日 下午3:13:43  
 *
 */
public class CustomListener implements ApplicationListener{
    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomAnnotationListener.class);    
    /**
     * 对监听到的事件进行处理
     */
    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(CustomEvent event) {
        //这里不做处理,只对消息进行透传打印,实际情况,
        //可以根据项目进行逻辑进行处理
        event.printMsg(event.getMsg());
        logger.info("CustomListener ==> onApplicationEvent method : {}", event.getMsg());
    }

}
  配置
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;

import com.only.mate.springboot.listener.CustomListener;

@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
//使用 @EnableWebMvc 注解,需要以编程的方式指定视图文件相关配置;
//@EnableWebMvc
//使用 @EnableAutoConfiguration 注解,会读取 application.properties 或 application.yml 文件中的配置
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ServletComponentScan//springboot启动类扫描servlet组件(过滤器)
public class Application {
    public static ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Application.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
        context.addApplicationListener(new CustomListener());//这里注册事件监听器
    }
}

  或

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import com.only.mate.springboot.listener.CustomListener;


@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
//使用 @EnableWebMvc 注解,需要以编程的方式指定视图文件相关配置;
//@EnableWebMvc
//使用 @EnableAutoConfiguration 注解,会读取 application.properties 或 application.yml 文件中的配置
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ServletComponentScan//springboot启动类扫描servlet组件(过滤器)
public class Application {
    public static ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Application.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        startApplication(args);
    }

    public static ApplicationContext startApplication(String[] args) {
        if (applicationContext == null) {
            logger.info(" >>> Springboot Application 开始启动...");
            SpringApplicationBuilder builder = new SpringApplicationBuilder(Application.class);
            SpringApplication application = builder.application();
            application.addListeners(new CustomListener());//这里注册事件监听器
            applicationContext = application.run(args);
            logger.info(" >>> Springboot Application 启动完成!");
        }
        return applicationContext;
    }
    
    public static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext() {
        if (applicationContext == null) {
            logger.error(" >>> Error:Springboot Application ApplicationContext is Null.");
        }
        return applicationContext;
    }

}
  效果图

  访问http://localhost:8088/springboot/listener/testevent

技术分享图片

  b、在application.properties中配置监听器

  事件监听器
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;

/**
 * 自定义监听器,监听事件为CustomEvent
 * @ClassName: CustomListener 
 * @author OnlyMate
 * @Date 2018年9月14日 下午3:13:43  
 *
 */
public class CustomListener implements ApplicationListener{
    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomAnnotationListener.class);    
    /**
     * 对监听到的事件进行处理
     */
    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(CustomEvent event) {
        //这里不做处理,只对消息进行透传打印,实际情况,
        //可以根据项目进行逻辑进行处理
        event.printMsg(event.getMsg());
        logger.info("CustomListener ==> onApplicationEvent method : {}", event.getMsg());
    }

}

 

  配置

  在application.properties中配置监听

context.listener.classes=com.only.mate.springboot.listener.CustomListener
  效果图

  访问http://localhost:8088/springboot/listener/testevent

技术分享图片

  c、将监听器装载入Spring容器

  事件监听器
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * 自定义监听器,监听事件为CustomEvent
 * @ClassName: CustomListener 
 * @author OnlyMate
 * @Date 2018年9月14日 下午3:13:43  
 *
 */
@Component
public class CustomListener implements ApplicationListener{
    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomAnnotationListener.class);    
    /**
     * 对监听到的事件进行处理
     */
    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(CustomEvent event) {
        //这里不做处理,只对消息进行透传打印,实际情况,
        //可以根据项目进行逻辑进行处理
        event.printMsg(event.getMsg());
        logger.info("CustomListener ==> onApplicationEvent method : {}", event.getMsg());
    }

}

这里用@Component注解将事件监听器注册到Spring容器中

  效果图

  访问http://localhost:8088/springboot/listener/testevent

技术分享图片

  d、通过@EventListener注解实现事件监听

  事件监听器
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.event.EventListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class CustomAnnotationListener {
    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomAnnotationListener.class);    
    
    @EventListener
    public void listener1(CustomEvent event) {
        event.printMsg(event.getMsg());
        logger.info("CustomAnnotationListener ==> listener1 method : {}", event.getMsg());
    }

    @EventListener
    public void listener2(CustomEvent event) {
        event.printMsg(event.getMsg());
        logger.info("CustomAnnotationListener ==> listener2 method : {}", event.getMsg());
    }
}
  效果图

  访问http://localhost:8088/springboot/listener/testevent

技术分享图片

 


  如果是使用配置文件来注册的话,ApplicationStartedEvent这种事件是监听不到的,因为配置文件加载代表着Spring Boot已经启动,不过其他两种事件已经足够给项目上使用了。


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