python常见报错信息！错误和异常！附带处理方法

>>> while True print(‘Hello world‘)
  File "", line 1, in ?
    while True print(‘Hello world‘)
                   ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

>>> 10 * (1/0)             # 0 不能作为除数，触发异常
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in ?
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
>>> 4 + spam*3             # spam 未定义，触发异常
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in ?
NameError: name ‘spam‘ is not defined
>>> ‘2‘ + 2               # int 不能与 str 相加，触发异常
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

while True:
    try:
        x = int(input("请输入一个数字: "))
        break
    except ValueError:
        print("您输入的不是数字，请再次尝试输入！")

except (RuntimeError, TypeError, NameError):
    pass

import sys

try:
    f = open(‘myfile.txt‘)
    s = f.readline()
    i = int(s.strip())
except OSError as err:
    print("OS error: {0}".format(err))
except ValueError:
    print("Could not convert data to an integer.")
except:
    print("Unexpected error:", sys.exc_info()[0])
    raise

for arg in sys.argv[1:]:
    try:
        f = open(arg, ‘r‘)
    except IOError:
        print(‘cannot open‘, arg)
    else:
        print(arg, ‘has‘, len(f.readlines()), ‘lines‘)
        f.close()

>>> def this_fails():
        x = 1/0
   
>>> try:
        this_fails()
    except ZeroDivisionError as err:
        print(‘Handling run-time error:‘, err)
   
Handling run-time error: int division or modulo by zero

try:
    runoob()
except AssertionError as error:
    print(error)
else:
    try:
        with open(‘file.log‘) as file:
            read_data = file.read()
    except FileNotFoundError as fnf_error:
        print(fnf_error)
finally:
    print(‘这句话，无论异常是否发生都会执行。‘)

raise [Exception [, args [, traceback]]]

x = 10
if x > 5:
    raise Exception(‘x 不能大于 5。x 的值为: {}‘.format(x))

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 3, in 
    raise Exception(‘x 不能大于 5。x 的值为: {}‘.format(x))
Exception: x 不能大于 5。x 的值为: 10

>>> try:
        raise NameError(‘HiThere‘)
    except NameError:
        print(‘An exception flew by!‘)
        raise
   
An exception flew by!
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 2, in ?
NameError: HiThere

>>> class MyError(Exception):
        def __init__(self, value):
            self.value = value
        def __str__(self):
            return repr(self.value)
   
>>> try:
        raise MyError(2*2)
    except MyError as e:
        print(‘My exception occurred, value:‘, e.value)
   
My exception occurred, value: 4
>>> raise MyError(‘oops!‘)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in ?
__main__.MyError: ‘oops!‘

class Error(Exception):
    """Base class for exceptions in this module."""
    pass

class InputError(Error):
    """Exception raised for errors in the input.

    Attributes:
        expression -- input expression in which the error occurred
        message -- explanation of the error
    """

    def __init__(self, expression, message):
        self.expression = expression
        self.message = message

class TransitionError(Error):
    """Raised when an operation attempts a state transition that‘s not
    allowed.

    Attributes:
        previous -- state at beginning of transition
        next -- attempted new state
        message -- explanation of why the specific transition is not allowed
    """

    def __init__(self, previous, next, message):
        self.previous = previous
        self.next = next
        self.message = message

>>> try:
...     raise KeyboardInterrupt
... finally:
...     print(‘Goodbye, world!‘)
...
Goodbye, world!
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 2, in 
KeyboardInterrupt

>>> def divide(x, y):
        try:
            result = x / y
        except ZeroDivisionError:
            print("division by zero!")
        else:
            print("result is", result)
        finally:
            print("executing finally clause")
   
>>> divide(2, 1)
result is 2.0
executing finally clause
>>> divide(2, 0)
division by zero!
executing finally clause
>>> divide("2", "1")
executing finally clause
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in ?
  File "", line 3, in divide
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: ‘str‘ and ‘str‘

for line in open("myfile.txt"):
    print(line, end="")

with open("myfile.txt") as f:
    for line in f:
        print(line, end="")