[问八系列] Windows 8 开发 (4): 分离检视型应用程序 Part 1 - 清单 (List)

2021-02-04 18:14

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在 Visual Studio 11 里面的 Windows 8-style application 共有五种类型，其中我们已经用过 Blank Application 和 Navigation Application 两种了，今天我们来玩玩第三种：Split Application。

Split Application 基本上它很像是 Master/Detail 型的应用程序，只是它会使用 List 和 Detail 分开的检视方式，在微软 MSDN Windows 8-style Application Developer Center 所使用的 Windows Team Blogs 的范例应用程序，使用的就是 Split Application 类型，它一开始会有 List 的页面，看起来就像这样：

技术图片

点进去以后，会到列表和第一篇文章的页面：

技术图片

你会发现，内页的部分是呈现 Splite View 的方式，这对一个使用平板电脑的使用者来说，可以很方便的阅读清单的内容，而且它也没有很复杂的画面配置，简单的风格也是 Windows 8-style Application 所强调的，让使用者将心思集中在 content，而不是分神去熟悉一些 controls 或配置，才能使用 content。

至于 JavaScript 的处理上，在 Split Application 中，首先要处理的是 ListView 这一块，开发人员需要先将数据注入到 ListView 中，因此数据从哪来就很重要，在应用程序的范本中，我们已经有一个叫做 data.js 的命令档，它里面就定义了一组数据，包含群组和项目：


    // Each of these sample groups must have a unique key to be displayed
    // separately.
    var sampleGroups = [
        { key: "group1", title: "Group Title: 1", subtitle: "Group Subtitle: 1", backgroundImage: darkGray, description: groupDescription },
        { key: "group2", title: "Group Title: 2", subtitle: "Group Subtitle: 2", backgroundImage: lightGray, description: groupDescription },
        { key: "group3", title: "Group Title: 3", subtitle: "Group Subtitle: 3", backgroundImage: mediumGray, description: groupDescription },
        { key: "group4", title: "Group Title: 4", subtitle: "Group Subtitle: 4", backgroundImage: lightGray, description: groupDescription },
        { key: "group5", title: "Group Title: 5", subtitle: "Group Subtitle: 5", backgroundImage: mediumGray, description: groupDescription },
        { key: "group6", title: "Group Title: 6", subtitle: "Group Subtitle: 6", backgroundImage: darkGray, description: groupDescription }
    ];

    // Each of these sample items should have a reference to a particular
    // group.
    var sampleItems = [
        { group: sampleGroups[0], title: "Item Title: 1", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 1", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: lightGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[0], title: "Item Title: 2", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 2", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: darkGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[0], title: "Item Title: 3", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 3", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: mediumGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[0], title: "Item Title: 4", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 4", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: darkGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[0], title: "Item Title: 5", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 5", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: mediumGray },

        { group: sampleGroups[1], title: "Item Title: 1", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 1", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: darkGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[1], title: "Item Title: 2", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 2", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: mediumGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[1], title: "Item Title: 3", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 3", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: lightGray },

        { group: sampleGroups[2], title: "Item Title: 1", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 1", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: mediumGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[2], title: "Item Title: 2", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 2", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: lightGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[2], title: "Item Title: 3", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 3", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: darkGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[2], title: "Item Title: 4", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 4", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: lightGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[2], title: "Item Title: 5", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 5", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: mediumGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[2], title: "Item Title: 6", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 6", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: darkGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[2], title: "Item Title: 7", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 7", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: mediumGray },

        { group: sampleGroups[3], title: "Item Title: 1", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 1", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: darkGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[3], title: "Item Title: 2", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 2", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: lightGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[3], title: "Item Title: 3", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 3", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: darkGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[3], title: "Item Title: 4", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 4", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: lightGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[3], title: "Item Title: 5", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 5", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: mediumGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[3], title: "Item Title: 6", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 6", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: lightGray },

        { group: sampleGroups[4], title: "Item Title: 1", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 1", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: lightGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[4], title: "Item Title: 2", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 2", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: darkGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[4], title: "Item Title: 3", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 3", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: lightGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[4], title: "Item Title: 4", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 4", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: mediumGray },

        { group: sampleGroups[5], title: "Item Title: 1", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 1", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: lightGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[5], title: "Item Title: 2", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 2", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: darkGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[5], title: "Item Title: 3", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 3", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: mediumGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[5], title: "Item Title: 4", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 4", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: darkGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[5], title: "Item Title: 5", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 5", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: lightGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[5], title: "Item Title: 6", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 6", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: mediumGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[5], title: "Item Title: 7", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 7", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: darkGray },
        { group: sampleGroups[5], title: "Item Title: 8", subtitle: "Item Subtitle: 8", description: itemDescription, content: itemContent, backgroundImage: lightGray }
    ];

你可以先跑一次初始的样板看看：

技术图片

这里所显示的，就是在 sampleGroups 变量中所定义的数据，连同图示，标题，说明，使用的颜色等都包装在里面了，而点进去以后：

技术图片

有注意到了吗？这里面的内容都是来自于 sampleItems 这个变量，连同图示，标题，颜色，内容等都在里面，只是因为是 sample item，所以很多文字都是共用的，所以我们可以很简单的来改一下这个范例，首先，我们先把原本的 sampleGroups 和 sampleItems 删掉，然后加入自己的数据：


var blogs =
    [
        { key: "regionbbs", title: "小朱? 的技术随手写", subtitle: "", backgroundImage: lightGray, description: "欢迎引用本博客中的文章，但请务必注明出处。未注明出处或恶意盗文或盗连者，除列入黑名单外，并保留法律追诉权。" },
        { key: "clark", title: "昏睡领域", subtitle: "", backgroundImage: lightGray, description: "Clark的心得笔记" },
        { key: "chou", title: ".NET菜鸟自救会", subtitle: "", backgroundImage: lightGray, description: "小欧说 : 努力工作，用心学习" },
        { key: "unclebill", title: "比尔盖报", subtitle: "", backgroundImage: lightGray, description: "光怪陆离资讯业" },
        { key: "billchung", title: ".Net 海角点部落", subtitle: "", backgroundImage: lightGray, description: "茂伯谯程序" },
        { key: "alonstar", title: "流星的随笔记事~☆", subtitle: "", backgroundImage: lightGray, description: "学习努力的成长" },
        { key: "hatelove", title: "In 91", subtitle: "", backgroundImage: lightGray, description: "" },
        { key: "ricochen", title: "RiCo技术农场", subtitle: "", backgroundImage: lightGray, description: "说技术也没那么有技术" }
    ];

然后，修改下面 groupKeySelector() ，groupDataSelector() 以及下方的 forEach()，对应我们的数据来源，否则会出现错误：


function groupKeySelector(item) {
    return item.key;
}

function groupDataSelector(item) {
    return item;
}

// This function returns a WinJS.Binding.List containing only the items
// that belong to the provided group.
function getItemsFromGroup(group) {
    return list.createFiltered(function (item) { return item.group.key === group.key; });
}

var list = new WinJS.Binding.List();
var groupedItems = list.createGrouped(groupKeySelector, groupDataSelector);

// TODO: Replace the data with your real data.
// You can add data from asynchronous sources whenever it becomes available.
blogs.forEach(function (item) {
    list.push(item);
});

然后执行，你会看到这样的结果：

技术图片