背水一战 Windows 10 (76) - 控件(控件基类): Control - 基础知识, 焦点相关, 运行时获取 ControlTemplate 和 DataTemplate 中的元素

2021-02-10 12:15

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原文:背水一战 Windows 10 (76) - 控件(控件基类): Control - 基础知识, 焦点相关, 运行时获取 ControlTemplate 和 DataTemplate 中的元素

[源码下载]


背水一战 Windows 10 (76) - 控件(控件基类): Control - 基础知识, 焦点相关, 运行时获取 ControlTemplate 和 DataTemplate 中的元素

作者:webabcd


介绍
背水一战 Windows 10 之 控件(控件基类 - Control)

  • 基础知识
  • 焦点相关
  • 运行时获取 ControlTemplate 和 DataTemplate 中的元素

示例
1、演示 Control 的基础知识
Controls/BaseControl/ControlDemo/Demo1.xaml

Page
    x:Class="Windows10.Controls.BaseControl.ControlDemo.Demo1"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:local="using:Windows10.Controls.BaseControl.ControlDemo"
    xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
    xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
    mc:Ignorable="d">

    Grid Background="Orange">

        TextBox Name="textBox" Text="i am webabcd" TextWrapping="Wrap" AcceptsReturn="True" Margin="100" />

    Grid>
Page>

Controls/BaseControl/ControlDemo/Demo1.xaml.cs

/*
 * Control - Control(继承自 UIElement, 请参见 /Controls/BaseControl/FrameworkElementDemo/)
 *     Background - 背景 Brush
 *     Foreground - 前景 Brush
 *     BorderBrush - 边框 Brush
 *     BorderThickness - 边框 Thickness
 *     Padding - Padding
 *     FontSize - 字号大小(单位:像素)
 *     FontFamily - 首选字体,多个用“,”分隔,找不到第 1 个就用第 2 个,找不到第 2 个就用第 3 个,以此类推
 *     FontStretch - 字体的拉伸值(FontStretch 枚举),默认值是 Normal(大部分字体都不支持这个属性)
 *     FontStyle - 字体样式(FontStyle 枚举)
 *         Normal - 默认值
 *         Italic - 使用字体自带的斜体
 *         Oblique - 通过程序让正常字体倾斜(对于自身不带斜体的字体可以使用此值让字体倾斜)
 *     FontWeight - 字体粗细(FontWeights 实体类),默认值是 Normal
 *     CharacterSpacing - 用于设置字符间距
 *         具体字符间隔像素计算公式如下:字体大小 * CharacterSpacing值 / 1000 = 字符间距像素值
 *     IsTextScaleFactorEnabled - 是否启用文本自动放大功能(默认值是 true)
 *         在“设置”->“轻松使用”中可以调整文本缩放大小,IsTextScaleFactorEnabled 就是用于决定 TextBlock 显示的文本是否跟着这个设置走
 *     HorizontalContentAlignment - 内容的水平对齐方式
 *     VerticalContentAlignment - 内容的垂直对齐方式
 *     IsEnabled - 是否可用
 *     IsEnabledChanged - IsEnabled 属性的值发生变化时触发的事件
 *     Template - 控件模板,参见 /Controls/UI/ControlTemplate.xaml
 *     
 *     
 * 本例用于演示 Control 的基础知识
 */

using System;
using Windows.UI;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Media;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Media.Imaging;
using Windows.UI.Text;

namespace Windows10.Controls.BaseControl.ControlDemo
{
    public sealed partial class Demo1 : Page
    {
        public Demo1()
        {
            this.InitializeComponent();

            this.Loaded += Demo1_Loaded;
        }

        private void Demo1_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            ImageBrush imageBrush = new ImageBrush();
            imageBrush.ImageSource = new BitmapImage(new Uri("ms-appx:///Assets/hololens.jpg", UriKind.Absolute));
            imageBrush.Stretch = Stretch.Fill;

            textBox.Background = imageBrush; // 关于各种类型的 Brush 请参见 /Drawing/Brush.xaml
            textBox.Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.DarkGreen);
            textBox.BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Red);
            textBox.BorderThickness = new Thickness(0, 0, 0, 100); // 边框的占用空间是完全是在 Control 内部的
            textBox.Padding = new Thickness(20);

            textBox.FontSize = 24;
            textBox.FontFamily = new FontFamily("微软雅黑,宋体");
            textBox.FontStretch = FontStretch.Normal;
            textBox.FontStyle = FontStyle.Normal;
            textBox.FontWeight = FontWeights.Normal;
            textBox.CharacterSpacing = 100;
            textBox.IsTextScaleFactorEnabled = true;

            // 对于 TextBox 来说 HorizontalContentAlignment 和 VerticalContentAlignment 都是无效的
            // 但是对于 Button 来说则可以通过 HorizontalContentAlignment 和 VerticalContentAlignment 来指定按钮上文字的对齐方式
            textBox.HorizontalContentAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center;// 无效,如果需要设置文字内容的水平对齐方式的话请使用 textBox.TextAlignment
            textBox.VerticalContentAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center; // 无效

            textBox.IsEnabledChanged += TextBox_IsEnabledChanged;
            textBox.IsEnabled = false; // 注:如果要修 IsEnabled = false 的样式请查看名为 Disabled 的 VisualState
            textBox.IsEnabled = true;
        }

        private void TextBox_IsEnabledChanged(object sender, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            textBox.Text += Environment.NewLine;
            textBox.Text += $"textBox.IsEnabled, OldValue:{e.OldValue}, NewValue:{e.NewValue}"; 
        }
    }
}


2、演示 Control 的焦点相关的知识点
Controls/BaseControl/ControlDemo/Demo2.xaml

Page
    x:Class="Windows10.Controls.BaseControl.ControlDemo.Demo2"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:local="using:Windows10.Controls.BaseControl.ControlDemo"
    xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
    xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
    mc:Ignorable="d">

    Grid Background="Orange">
        StackPanel Name="stackPanel" Background="Blue" Margin="100">

            
            TextBox Name="textBox1" TabIndex="5" Margin="5" />
            TextBox Name="textBox2" TabIndex="3" Margin="5" />
            TextBox Name="textBox3" IsTabStop="False" TabIndex="4" Margin="5" />
            TextBox Name="textBox4" TabIndex="1" Margin="5" />
            TextBox Name="textBox5" TabIndex="2" Margin="5" />


            ComboBox Name="cmbTabNavigation" PlaceholderText="HorizontalAlignment" IsTabStop="False" SelectionChanged="cmbTabNavigation_SelectionChanged" Margin="5">
                ComboBoxItem IsSelected="True">LocalComboBoxItem>
                ComboBoxItem>CycleComboBoxItem>
                ComboBoxItem>OnceComboBoxItem>
            ComboBox>
            
            ItemsControl Name="itemsControl" Margin="5" HorizontalAlignment="Left">
                ItemsControl.Items>
                    TextBox  />
                    TextBox  />
                    TextBox  />
                ItemsControl.Items>
            ItemsControl>

            
            
            Button Content="i am button 1" UseSystemFocusVisuals="False" Margin="5" />
            Button Content="i am button 2" UseSystemFocusVisuals="True" Margin="5" />
            Button Content="i am button 3" UseSystemFocusVisuals="False" Margin="5">
                Button.Template>
                    ControlTemplate TargetType="Button">
                        Grid x:Name="RootGrid" Background="{TemplateBinding Background}">
                            VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
                                VisualStateGroup x:Name="FocusStates">
                                    VisualState x:Name="Focused">
                                        VisualState.Setters>
                                            Setter Target="border.BorderThickness" Value="5" />
                                        VisualState.Setters>
                                    VisualState>
                                    VisualState x:Name="Unfocused" />
                                    VisualState x:Name="PointerFocused" />
                                VisualStateGroup>
                            VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
                            Border x:Name="border" BorderBrush="Red" BorderThickness="0">
                                ContentPresenter x:Name="ContentPresenter"
                                    BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
                                    BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}"
                                    Content="{TemplateBinding Content}"
                                    ContentTransitions="{TemplateBinding ContentTransitions}"
                                    ContentTemplate="{TemplateBinding ContentTemplate}"
                                    Padding="{TemplateBinding Padding}"
                                    HorizontalContentAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}"
                                    VerticalContentAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}"
                                    AutomationProperties.AccessibilityView="Raw"/>
                            Border>
                        Grid>
                    ControlTemplate>
                Button.Template>
            Button>

            
            
            Button Content="i am button 4" Margin="5">
                Button.Template>
                    ControlTemplate TargetType="Button">
                        Grid x:Name="RootGrid" Background="{TemplateBinding Background}">
                            Border x:Name="border" BorderBrush="Red" BorderThickness="0">
                                StackPanel>
                                    ContentPresenter x:Name="ContentPresenter"
                                        BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
                                        BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}"
                                        Content="{TemplateBinding Content}"
                                        ContentTransitions="{TemplateBinding ContentTransitions}"
                                        ContentTemplate="{TemplateBinding ContentTemplate}"
                                        Padding="{TemplateBinding Padding}"
                                        HorizontalContentAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}"
                                        VerticalContentAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}"
                                        AutomationProperties.AccessibilityView="Raw"/>
                                    
                                    TextBlock Control.IsTemplateFocusTarget="True" Text="IsTemplateFocusTarget" />
                                StackPanel>
                            Border>
                        Grid>
                    ControlTemplate>
                Button.Template>
            Button>

        StackPanel>
    Grid>
Page>

Controls/BaseControl/ControlDemo/Demo2.xaml.cs

/*
 * Control - Control(继承自 UIElement, 请参见 /Controls/BaseControl/FrameworkElementDemo/)
 *     FocusState - 当前的焦点状态(FocusState 枚举)
 *         Unfocused - 无焦点
 *         Pointer - 通过指针获取的焦点
 *         Keyboard - 通过键盘获取的焦点
 *         Programmatic - 通过 api 获取的焦点
 *     bool Focus(FocusState value) - 设置焦点状态
 *     TabIndex - Tab 键导航顺序(按 tab 键正序导航;按 shift + tab 键倒序导航),默认值为 int.MaxValue
 *     IsTabStop - 是否包含在 Tab 导航中(即是否可获取到焦点)
 *     TabNavigation - Tab 键导航至 Control 内部时的效果
 *         Local - 当 focus 至 Control 时,会逐一 focus 此 Control 内部的所有 Control 元素,然后退出 focus
 *         Cycle - 当 focus 至 Control 时,会逐一 focus 此 Control 内部的所有 Control 元素,然后再继续无限循环 focus 此 Control 内部的所有 Control 元素
 *         Once - 当 focus 至 Control 时,只会 focus 此 Control 内部的第一个 Control 元素,然后退出 focus
 *     UseSystemFocusVisuals - 是否使用系统的焦点效果
 *         false - 在控件模板中设置焦点效果
 *         true - 使用系统的焦点效果(我这里测试的效果是,获取焦点后会显示一个虚线边框)
 *     IsTemplateFocusTarget - 是否是控件内用于获取焦点的元素(附加属性)
 *     GotFocus - 获取焦点时触发的事件(来自 UIElement)
 *     LostFocus - 丢失焦点时触发的事件(来自 UIElement)
 *     
 *     
 * 本例用于演示 Control 的焦点相关的知识点
 */

using System;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Input;

namespace Windows10.Controls.BaseControl.ControlDemo
{
    public sealed partial class Demo2 : Page
    {
        public Demo2()
        {
            this.InitializeComponent();

            this.Loaded += Demo2_Loaded;
        }
        
        private void Demo2_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            textBox1.GotFocus += TextBox1_GotFocus;
            textBox2.GotFocus += TextBox2_GotFocus;
            textBox3.GotFocus += TextBox3_GotFocus;
            textBox4.GotFocus += TextBox4_GotFocus;
            textBox5.GotFocus += TextBox5_GotFocus;
        }

        private void TextBox1_GotFocus(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            textBox1.Text += textBox1.FocusState;
        }

        private void TextBox2_GotFocus(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            textBox2.Text += textBox2.FocusState;
        }

        private void TextBox3_GotFocus(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            textBox3.Text += textBox3.FocusState;
        }

        private void TextBox4_GotFocus(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            textBox4.Text += textBox4.FocusState;
        }

        // 这里当 textBox5 获取到焦点时,立刻指定 textBox2 获取焦点,则会达到禁止 textBox5 获取焦点的同时手动指定下一个焦点对象
        // 如果只是禁止获取焦点的话可以设置 IsTabStop 为 false
        private void TextBox5_GotFocus(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            textBox5.Text += textBox5.FocusState;

            // 设置为 FocusState.Unfocused 时会抛异常
            bool success = textBox2.Focus(FocusState.Programmatic);
        }

        private void cmbTabNavigation_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (itemsControl != null)
            {
                itemsControl.TabNavigation = (KeyboardNavigationMode)Enum.Parse(typeof(KeyboardNavigationMode), (e.AddedItems[0] as ComboBoxItem).Content.ToString());
            }
        }
    }
}

3、演示如何在运行时获取 ControlTemplate 和 DataTemplate 中的元素
Controls/BaseControl/ControlDemo/Demo3.xaml

Page
    x:Class="Windows10.Controls.BaseControl.ControlDemo.Demo3"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:local="using:Windows10.Controls.BaseControl.ControlDemo"
    xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
    xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
    mc:Ignorable="d"
    
    xmlns:common="using:Windows10.Common">

    Page.Resources>
        
        ControlTemplate x:Key="MyControlTemplate" TargetType="ContentControl">
            Grid x:Name="grid">
                ContentPresenter ContentTemplate="{TemplateBinding ContentTemplate}" 
                                  ContentTransitions="{TemplateBinding ContentTransitions}"
                                  Content="{TemplateBinding Content}" 
                                  HorizontalAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}"
                                  Margin="{TemplateBinding Padding}" 
                                  VerticalAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}"/>
            Grid>
        ControlTemplate>

        
        DataTemplate x:DataType="common:Employee" x:Key="MyDataTemplate">
            TextBlock x:Name="textBlock" Text="{x:Bind Name}" />
        DataTemplate>
    Page.Resources>

    Grid Background="Transparent">
        StackPanel Margin="10 0 10 10">

            local:MyContentControl x:Name="myContentControl" DataContext="{x:Bind CurrentEmployee}" 
                                    Template="{StaticResource MyControlTemplate}"
                                    ContentTemplate="{StaticResource MyDataTemplate}" />

        StackPanel>
    Grid>
Page>

Controls/BaseControl/ControlDemo/Demo3.xaml.cs

/*
 * Control - Control(继承自 UIElement, 请参见 /Controls/BaseControl/FrameworkElementDemo/)
 *     GetTemplateChild() - 查找控件模板中的指定名字的元素
 *     OnApplyTemplate() - 应用控件模板时调用(来自 FrameworkElement)
 *     
 * VisualTreeHelper - 可视化树的实用工具类
 *     
 *     
 * 本例用于演示如何在运行时获取 ControlTemplate 和 DataTemplate 中的元素
 */

using Windows.UI;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Media;
using Windows10.Common;

namespace Windows10.Controls.BaseControl.ControlDemo
{
    public sealed partial class Demo3 : Page
    {
        public Employee CurrentEmployee { get; set; } = new Employee() { Name = "wanglei", Age = 36, IsMale = true };

        public Demo3()
        {
            this.InitializeComponent();

            myContentControl.Loaded += MyContentControl_Loaded;
        }

        private void MyContentControl_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            // 通过 VisualTreeHelper 获取可视化树结构(借此可以获取数据模板中的元素)
            TextBlock textBlock = Helper.GetVisualChild(myContentControl, "textBlock");
            textBlock.FontSize = 48;
        }
    }

    
    public class MyContentControl : ContentControl
    {
        // override OnApplyTemplate() - 应用控件模板时调用
        protected override void OnApplyTemplate()
        {
            base.OnApplyTemplate();

            // 在 OnApplyTemplate() 中通过 GetTemplateChild() 获取控件模板中的指定名字的元素
            Grid grid = (Grid)GetTemplateChild("grid");
            grid.Background = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Orange);         
        }
    }
}

OK
[源码下载]


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