LAMP-Apache访问日志
2021-06-16 04:03
标签:日志文件 访问日志,记录了网站访问者的信息。在一些特殊情况,我们可以通过访问日志提取出我们需要的信息。如:网站受攻击时发起源、统计访问用户大数据分布等。 一、网站访问日志 1、访问日志配置 2、查看访问日志 ▏日志格式: 3、将common更改成combined,显示更为详细的日志格式 默认情况下log日志格式为: 其中%h 是记录访问者的IP,如果在web的前端有一层代理,那么这个%h其实就是代理机器的IP,这不是我们想要的。 二、不记录静态文件 访问日志记录的大量垃圾静态文件(如图片、css、js等)访问信息,影响运维工作效率。 1、配置虚拟主机 2、检查重新加载 3、验证效果 三、访问日志切割 网站每天都在被访问,会记录大量的日志信息。单个大日志文件不方便运维人员的查看,而且还不方便清理过期日志。通过切割日志能很好的解决这个问题。 1、配置虚拟主机 2、检查重新加载 3、测试效果 可以看到生成了一个新的日志文件,后期可以制作一个任务计划,删除过期的日志文件,以防磁盘空间不足。 本文出自 “Gorilla Grodd” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://juispan.blog.51cto.com/943137/1952820 LAMP-Apache访问日志 标签:日志文件 原文地址:http://juispan.blog.51cto.com/943137/1952820[root@juispan ~]# vi /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
[root@juispan ~]# ls /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/
123.com-access_log abc.com-access_log access_log httpd.pid
123.com-error_log abc.com-error_log error_log
[root@juispan ~]# tail /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/abc.com-access_log
192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:11:38:13 +0800] "GET HTTP://abc.com/ HTTP/1.1" 403 209
192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:12:00:52 +0800] "GET HTTP://abc.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 7
192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:12:00:57 +0800] "GET HTTP://www.abc.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 7
192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:12:01:06 +0800] "GET HTTP://abcd.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 7
[root@juispan ~]# cat /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf | grep -i logformat
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
[root@juispan ~]# tail /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/abc.com-access_log
192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:11:38:13 +0800] "GET HTTP://abc.com/ HTTP/1.1" 403 209
192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:12:00:52 +0800] "GET HTTP://abc.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 7
192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:12:00:57 +0800] "GET HTTP://www.abc.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 7
192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:12:01:06 +0800] "GET HTTP://abcd.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 7
192.168.137.1 - - [21/Jul/2017:18:07:04 +0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 209 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36"
192.168.137.1 - - [21/Jul/2017:18:07:06 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 7 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/8.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)"
192.168.137.1 - - [21/Jul/2017:18:07:22 +0800] "GET /1.txt HTTP/1.1" 404 203 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/8.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)"
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
在这种情况下,%{X-FORWARDED-FOR}i 字段会记录客户端真实的IP。
▏所以log日志改为:LogFormat "%h %{X-FORWARDED-FOR}i %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
[root@juispan ~]# vi /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
[root@juispan ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[root@juispan ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful
[root@juispan ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 abcd.com/123.php -I
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2017 10:20:04 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.27 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
[root@juispan ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 abcd.com/123.gif -I
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2017 10:20:10 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.27 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
[root@juispan ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 abcd.com/123.png -I
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2017 10:20:17 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.27 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
[root@juispan ~]# tail /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/abc.com-access_log
192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:11:38:13 +0800] "GET HTTP://abc.com/ HTTP/1.1" 403 209
192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:12:00:52 +0800] "GET HTTP://abc.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 7
192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:12:00:57 +0800] "GET HTTP://www.abc.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 7
192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:12:01:06 +0800] "GET HTTP://abcd.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 7
192.168.137.1 - - [21/Jul/2017:18:07:04 +0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 209 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36"
192.168.137.1 - - [21/Jul/2017:18:07:06 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 7 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/8.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)"
192.168.137.1 - - [21/Jul/2017:18:07:22 +0800] "GET /1.txt HTTP/1.1" 404 203 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/8.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)"
127.0.0.1 - - [21/Jul/2017:18:20:04 +0800] "HEAD HTTP://abcd.com/123.php HTTP/1.1" 404 - "-" "curl/7.29.0" ##可以看到过滤后的效果了
[root@juispan ~]# cat /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf | grep -i customlog
CustomLog "|/usr/local/apache2.4/bin/rotatelogs -l logs/abc.com-access_%Y%m%d.log 86400" combined env=!img ##工具名为:rotatelogs;-l:以当前系统时间为基准
[root@juispan ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[root@juispan ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful
[root@juispan ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 abcd.com/123.php -I
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2017 10:32:07 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.27 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
[root@juispan ~]# ls /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/
123.com-access_log abc.com-access_20170721.log abc.com-error_log error_log
123.com-error_log abc.com-access_log access_log httpd.pid
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