Python 中的线程-进程2
2021-06-17 22:05
标签:默认 区别 http === last 执行 one 情况下 inner 原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/i-honey/p/7823587.html Python中实现多线程需要使用到 threading 库,其中每一个 Thread类 的实例控制一个线程。 #类签名 简单介绍一些初始化参数: target: 指定线程由 run () 方法调用的可调用对象。默认为 None, 意味着不调用任何内容。 name: 指定该线程的名称。 在默认情况下,创建一个唯一的名称。 args: target调用的实参,元组格式。默认为 (),即不传参。 daemon: 为False表示父线程在运行结束时需要等待子线程结束才能结束程序,为True则表示父线程在运行结束时,子线程无论是否还有任务未完成都会跟随父进程退出,结束程序。 上面例子中,当函数执行完之后,线程也就跟着退出了。 线程的传参和函数传参没有区别,只需要注意传入的必须为元祖格式。 如果线程中任务是无限循环语句,那这个线程将无法自动停止。 Python线程退出条件有以下几种: 1、线程内的函数语句执行完毕,线程自动结束 2、线程内的函数抛出未处理的异常 上面例子中,线程启动后,将一直循环下去,线程不会自动退出。 上面例子中,演示了触发异常自动退出线程。但最先打印的是主程序的"===end==="语句,是因为在程序中,主线程启动一个线程后,不会等待子线程执行完毕,就继续执行了后续语句,在执行完主线程语句后,发现还有子线程没有结束,于是等待子线程执行结束,子线程在运行时抛出了未处理的异常,最终子线程结束,主线程也随之结束。这里需要了解daemon线程和non-daemon线程,稍后就会介绍。 举例: 上面例子中,在主线程中只能看到存活的只有自己,因为子线程还没有启动,且它的父线程就是它自己。子线程启动时,它的名字为Thread-1,这个名字是解释器自动命名的,如果定义线程对象时添加了name="threadName",则这里显示的就是threadName;同时,子线程的父线程就是主线程,也就是说谁启动的线程谁就是它的父线程;子线程能看到的存活线程有父线程和自身。 举例: 从上面例子中可以看到子线程存活时的名字和线程ID,但在线程退出后,尝试再次启动线程时,抛出RuntimeError异常,表明线程对象在定义后只能启动一次。 上面例子演示了在运行时获取线程名和重命名线程名。 从上面的例子中,可以看出start()方法会先运行start()方法,再运行run()方法。 跟进一下start() 方法源码中的调用过程: 从上面跟踪源码的过程大概了解了start()方法如何调用到了run()方法。 上面例子中,运行线程的run()方法只能调用到run()方法。 跟踪一下run() 方法在源码中的调用过程: 可以看出,_target是我们传入的目标函数,run()方法其实就类似一个装饰器,最终还是将_args 和_kwargs 参数传入目标函数运行,返回结果。 start() --> run() --> _target() run() --> _target() 上面两个例子简单介绍了start()方法和run()方法的调用,下一篇文章再详细看一下它们到底有什么区别。 总结: 本文主要介绍了: Thread类、线程启动、线程的传参、线程退出、threading属性、Thread实例的属性、举例getName()和setName()、线程的start()和run()方法 Python 中的线程-进程2 标签:默认 区别 http === last 执行 one 情况下 inner 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/kaishirenshi/p/9718004.htmlThread类
def
__init__(
self
, group
=
None
, target
=
None
, name
=
None
,
args
=
(), kwargs
=
None
,
*
, daemon
=
None
):
线程启动:
import
threading
def
worker(arg):
#线程执行的目标函数
print
(
"I‘m working {}"
.
format
(arg))
print
(
"Fineshed"
)
t
=
threading.Thread(target
=
worker,args
=
(threading.current_thread(),),name
=
"firstworker"
)
#线程对象
t.start()
#启动线程
运行结果:
I‘m working <_mainthread started>
10936
)>
Fineshed
线程的传参:
import
threading
def
add(x,y):
print
(x
+
y)
t
=
threading.Thread(target
=
add,args
=
(
4
,
5
))
t.start()
print
(
"====end==="
)
运行结果:
9
=
=
=
=
end
=
=
=
线程退出:
import
threading
import
time
def
worker(arg):
while
True
:
time.sleep(
1
)
print
(
"I‘m working {}"
.
format
(arg))
print
(
"Fineshed"
)
t
=
threading.Thread(target
=
worker,args
=
(threading.current_thread(),),name
=
"firstworker"
)
t.start()
运行结果:
I‘m working <_mainthread stopped>
2468
)>
I‘m working <_mainthread stopped>
2468
)>
I‘m working <_mainthread stopped>
2468
)>
...
import
threading
import
time
def
worker(arg):
count
=
0
while
True
:
if
count >
5
:
raise
RuntimeError(count)
time.sleep(
1
)
print
(
"I‘m working {}"
.
format
(arg))
count
+
=
1
print
(
"Fineshed"
)
t
=
threading.Thread(target
=
worker,args
=
(threading.
enumerate
(),))
t.start()
print
(
"====end==="
)
运行结果:
=
=
=
=
end
=
=
=
I‘m working [<_mainthread stopped>
10992
)>]
I‘m working [<_mainthread stopped>
10992
)>]
I‘m working [<_mainthread stopped>
10992
)>]
I‘m working [<_mainthread stopped>
10992
)>]
I‘m working [<_mainthread stopped>
10992
)>]
I‘m working [<_mainthread stopped>
10992
)>]
Exception
in
thread Thread
-
1
:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File
"C:/python/test.py"
, line
8
,
in
worker
raise
RuntimeError(count)
RuntimeError:
6
threading属性:
threading.current_thread() 返回当前线程对象
threading.main_thread() 返回主线程对象
threading.active_count() 返回处于Active状态的线程个数
threading.enumerate() 返回所有存活的线程的列表,不包括已经终止的线程和未启动的线程
threading.get_ident() 返回当前线程的ID,非0整数
import
threading
import
time
def
showthreadinfo():
print
(
"current thread = {}"
.
format
(threading.current_thread()))
print
(
"main thread = {}"
.
format
(threading.main_thread()))
print
(
"active thread count = {}"
.
format
(threading.active_count()))
print
(
"active thread list = {}"
.
format
(threading.
enumerate
()))
print
(
"thread id = {}"
.
format
(threading.get_ident()))
print
(
"~~~~~~~~~~~~~"
)
def
add(x,y):
time.sleep(
1
)
showthreadinfo()
#子线程中调用
print
(x
+
y)
showthreadinfo()
#主线程中调用
time.sleep(
1
)
t
=
threading.Thread(target
=
add,args
=
(
4
,
5
))
t.start()
print
(
"====end==="
)
运行结果:
current thread
=
<_mainthread started>
192
)>
main thread
=
<_mainthread started>
192
)>
active thread count
=
1
active thread
list
=
[<_mainthread started>
192
)>]
thread
id
=
192
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
=
=
=
=
end
=
=
=
current thread
=
-
1
, started
8424
)>
main thread
=
<_mainthread stopped>
192
)>
active thread count
=
2
active thread
list
=
[<_mainthread stopped>
192
)>,
-
1
, started
8424
)>]
thread
id
=
8424
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
9
Thread实例的属性:
threading.current_thread().name 线程名,只是一个标识符,可以使用getName()、setName()获取和运行时重命名。
threading.current_thread().ident 线程ID,非0整数。线程启动后才会有ID,否则为None。线程退出,此ID依旧可以访问。此ID可以重复使用
threading.current_thread().is_alive() 返回线程是否存活,布尔值,True或False。
import
threading
import
time
def
worker():
count
=
1
while
True
:
if
count >
=
6
:
break
time.sleep(
1
)
count
+
=
1
print
(
"thread name = {}"
.
format
(threading.current_thread().name))
t
=
threading.Thread(target
=
worker,name
=
"MyThread"
)
t.start()
while
True
:
time.sleep(
1.1
)
if
t.is_alive():
print
(
"{} {} alive"
.
format
(t.name,t.ident))
else
:
print
(
"{} {} alive"
.
format
(t.name, t.ident))
t.start()
print
(
"====end==="
)
运行结果:
thread name
=
MyThread
MyThread
9400
alive
thread name
=
MyThread
MyThread
9400
alive
thread name
=
MyThread
MyThread
9400
alive
thread name
=
MyThread
MyThread
9400
alive
thread name
=
MyThread
MyThread
9400
alive
Traceback (most recent call last):
File
"C:/python/test.py"
, line
22
,
in
t.start()
raise
RuntimeError(
"threads can only be started once"
)
RuntimeError: threads can only be started once
举例 getName()和setName():
import
threading
import
time
def
add(x,y):
for
_
in
range
(
5
):
time.sleep(
1
)
print
(
"x+y={}"
.
format
(x
+
y))
t
=
threading.Thread(target
=
add,name
=
"MyThread"
,args
=
(
6
,
7
))
t.start()
while
True
:
time.sleep(
1
)
if
t.is_alive():
print
(
"{} {} alive"
.
format
(t.name,t.ident))
print
(
"Thread name"
,t.getName())
t.setName(
"MyThreadTwo"
)
else
:
print
(
"{} {} alive"
.
format
(t.name, t.ident))
print
(
"Thread abort...."
)
break
# t.start()
print
(
"====end==="
)
运行结果:
MyThread
2564
alive
Thread name MyThread
x
+
y
=
13
MyThreadTwo
2564
alive
Thread name MyThreadTwo
x
+
y
=
13
MyThreadTwo
2564
alive
Thread name MyThreadTwo
x
+
y
=
13
MyThreadTwo
2564
alive
Thread name MyThreadTwo
x
+
y
=
13
MyThreadTwo
2564
alive
Thread name MyThreadTwo
x
+
y
=
13
MyThreadTwo
2564
alive
Thread abort....
=
=
=
=
end
=
=
=
线程的start()和run()方法:
start():
import
threading
import
time
def
add(x,y):
for
_
in
range
(
5
):
time.sleep(
0.5
)
print
(
"x+y={}"
.
format
(x
+
y))
class
MyThread(threading.Thread):
def
start(
self
):
print
(
‘start~~~~~~~~~~‘
)
super
().start()
def
run(
self
):
print
(
‘run~~~~~~~~~~~~‘
)
super
().run()
#调用父类的start()和run()方法
t
=
MyThread(target
=
add,name
=
"MyThread"
,args
=
(
6
,
7
))
t.start()
# t.run()
print
(
"====end==="
)
运行结果:
start~~~~~~~~~~
run~~~~~~~~~~~~
=
=
=
=
end
=
=
=
x
+
y
=
13
x
+
y
=
13
x
+
y
=
13
x
+
y
=
13
x
+
y
=
13
1
、
def
start(
self
):
_start_new_thread(
self
._bootstrap, ())
....
2
、_start_new_thread
=
_thread.start_new_thread
3
、
def
start_new_thread(function, args, kwargs
=
None
):
pass
4
、
def
_bootstrap(
self
):
self
._bootstrap_inner()
5
、
def
_bootstrap_inner(
self
):
....
try
:
self
.run()
#最终start()方法调用了run()方法
except
SystemExit:
pass
run()方法:
import
threading
import
time
def
add(x,y):
for
_
in
range
(
5
):
time.sleep(
0.5
)
print
(
"x+y={}"
.
format
(x
+
y))
class
MyThread(threading.Thread):
def
start(
self
):
print
(
‘start~~~~~~~~~~‘
)
super
().start()
def
run(
self
):
print
(
‘run~~~~~~~~~~~~‘
)
super
().run()
#调用父类的start()和run()方法
t
=
MyThread(target
=
add,name
=
"MyThread"
,args
=
(
6
,
7
))
# t.start()
t.run()
print
(
"====end==="
)
运行结果:
run~~~~~~~~~~~~
x
+
y
=
13
x
+
y
=
13
x
+
y
=
13
x
+
y
=
13
x
+
y
=
13
=
=
=
=
end
=
=
=
1
、
def
__init__(
self
, group
=
None
, target
=
None
, name
=
None
,
args
=
(), kwargs
=
None
,
*
, daemon
=
None
):
self
._target
=
target
self
._args
=
args
self
._kwargs
=
kwargs
....
2
、
def
run(
self
):
if
self
._target:
self
._target(
*
self
._args,
*
*
self
._kwargs)
....