王艳 201771010127《面向对象程序设计(Java)》第四周学习总结

2021-06-18 17:04

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/**
 * @version 1.10 1999-11-13
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */

public class Employee
{
   private String name;
   private double salary;

   public native void raiseSalary(double byPercent);

   public Employee(String n, double s)
   {
      name = n;
      salary = s;
   }

   public void print()
   {
      System.out.println(name + " " + salary);
   }

   static
   {
      System.loadLibrary("Employee");
   }
}

参考教材104页EmployeeTest.java,设计StudentTest.java,定义Student类,包含name(姓名)、sex(性别)、javascore(java成绩)三个字段,编写程序,从键盘输入学生人数,输入学生信息,并按以下表头输出学生信息表:姓名、性别、java成绩。

程序如下:

import java.util.*;
  public class StudentTest
  {
public static void main(String[] args)
     {
      Student[] staff = new Student[4];
       System.out.println("请输入学生姓名、性别、Java成绩");
       
       Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); 
       for(int i=0;i) {
           staff[i]=new Student(in.next(),in.next(),in.nextInt());
       }
       System.out.println("name"+"sex"+"javascore");
 
       for (Student e: staff)
          System.out.println(e.getName()+e.getSex()+e.getjavaScore());
    }
 }
 
 class Student
 {
    private String name;
    private String sex;
  private int javascore;
 
    public Student(String n, String s, int j)
    {
       name = n;
      sex = s;
       javascore =j;
    }
 
    public String getName()
    {
       return name;
   }
 
    public String getSex()
    {
       return sex;
    }
 
    public int getjavaScore()
    {
       return javascore;
    }
 }

 

程序运行结果如下:

技术分享图片

 

测试程序2:

编辑、编译、调试运行程序4-3(教材116);

结合程序运行结果,理解程序代码,掌握静态域(netxtId)与静态方法(getNextId)的用法,在相关代码后添加注释;

理解Java单元(类)测试的技巧。

程序如下:

/**
    /**
         * This program demonstrates static methods.
         * @version 1.01 2004-02-19
         * @author Cay Horstmann
         */
        public class StaticTest
        {
           public static void main(String[] args)
           {
              //用三个Employee对象填充staff数组
              Employee[] staff = new Employee[3];

              staff[0] = new Employee("Tom", 40000);
              staff[1] = new Employee("Dick", 60000);
              staff[2] = new Employee("Harry", 65000);

              //打印出员工反对的信息
              for (Employee e : staff)
              {
                 e.setId();
                 System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",id=" + e.getId() + ",salary="
                       + e.getSalary());
              }

              int n = Employee.getNextId(); // calls static method
              System.out.println("Next available id=" + n);
           }
        }

        class Employee
        {
           private static int nextId = 1;

           private String name;
           private double salary;
           private int id;

           public Employee(String n, double s)
           {
              name = n;
              salary = s;
              id = 0;
           }

           public String getName()
           {
              return name;
           }

           public double getSalary()
           {
              return salary;
           }

           public int getId()
           {
              return id;
           }

           public void setId()
           {
              id = nextId; //将此ID设置为下一个可用ID
              nextId++;
           }

           public static int getNextId()
           {
              return nextId; //返回static域
           }

           public static void main(String[] args) // unit test
           {
              Employee e = new Employee("Harry", 50000);
              System.out.println(e.getName() + " " + e.getSalary());
           }
        

    }

程序运行结果如下:

技术分享图片

测试程序3:

编辑、编译、调试运行程序4-4(教材121);

结合程序运行结果,理解程序代码,掌握掌握Java方法参数的用法,在相关代码后添加注释;

程序如下:

    /**
     * This program demonstrates parameter passing in Java.
     * @version 1.00 2000-01-27
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class ParamTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          //该方法不能修改数值参数
          System.out.println("Testing tripleValue:");
          double percent = 10;
          System.out.println("Before: percent=" + percent);
          tripleValue(percent);
          System.out.println("After: percent=" + percent);

          //该方法可以改变对象参数的状态
          System.out.println("\nTesting tripleSalary:");
          Employee harry = new Employee("Harry", 50000);
          System.out.println("Before: salary=" + harry.getSalary());
          tripleSalary(harry);
          System.out.println("After: salary=" + harry.getSalary());

          //该方法可以将新对象附加到对象参数
          System.out.println("\nTesting swap:");
          Employee a = new Employee("Alice", 70000);
          Employee b = new Employee("Bob", 60000);
          System.out.println("Before: a=" + a.getName());
          System.out.println("Before: b=" + b.getName());
          swap(a, b);
          System.out.println("After: a=" + a.getName());
          System.out.println("After: b=" + b.getName());
       }

       public static void tripleValue(double x) // doesn‘t work
       {
          x = 3 * x;
          System.out.println("End of method: x=" + x);
       }

       public static void tripleSalary(Employee x) // works
       {
          x.raiseSalary(200);
          System.out.println("End of method: salary=" + x.getSalary());
       }

       public static void swap(Employee x, Employee y)
       {
          Employee temp = x;
          x = y;
          y = temp;
          System.out.println("End of method: x=" + x.getName());
          System.out.println("End of method: y=" + y.getName());
       }
    }

    class Employee 
    {
       private String name;
       private double salary;

       public Employee(String n, double s)
       {
          name = n;
          salary = s;
       }

       public String getName()
       {
          return name;
       }

       public double getSalary()
       {
          return salary;
       }

       public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
       {
          double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
          salary += raise;
       }
    }

程序运行结果如下:

技术分享图片

 

测试程序4:

编辑、编译、调试运行程序4-5(教材129);

结合程序运行结果,理解程序代码,掌握Java用户自定义类的用法,掌握对象构造方法及对象使用方法,在相关代码后添加注释。

程序如下:

import java.util.*;

/**
 * This program demonstrates object construction.
 * @version 1.01 2004-02-19
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ConstructorTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      //用单个Employee对象填充staff数组
      Employee[] staff = new Employee[3];

      staff[0] = new Employee("Harry", 40000);
      staff[1] = new Employee(60000);
      staff[2] = new Employee();

      //打印出员工反对信息
      for (Employee e : staff)
         System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",id=" + e.getId() + ",salary="
               + e.getSalary());
   }
}

class Employee
{
   private static int nextId;

   private int id;
   private String name = ""; //实例字段初始化
   private double salary;
  
   // static initialization block
   static
   {
      Random generator = new Random();
      //从0-9999随机分配下一ID的地址
      nextId = generator.nextInt(10000);
   }
   {
      id = nextId;
      nextId++;
   }


   public Employee(String n, double s)
   {
      name = n;
      salary = s;
   }

   public Employee(double s)
   {
      //调用雇员构造函数
      this("Employee #" + nextId, s);
   }

   //默认构造函数
   public Employee()
   {// salary not explicitly set--initialized to 0
      // id initialized in initialization block
   }

   public String getName()
   {
      return name;
   }

   public double getSalary()
   {
      return salary;
   }

   public int getId()
   {
      return id;
   }
}

 

程序运行结果如下:

技术分享图片

 

测试程序5:

l 编辑、编译、调试运行程序4-6、4-7(教材135);

l 结合程序运行结果,理解程序代码,掌握Java包的定义及用法,在相关代码后添加注释;

程序4-6如下:

import com.horstmann.corejava.*;

import static java.lang.System.*;

/**
 * This program demonstrates the use of packages.
 * @version 1.11 2004-02-19
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class PackageTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      // because of the import statement, we don‘t have to use 
      // com.horstmann.corejava.Employee here
      Employee harry = new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);

      harry.raiseSalary(5);

      // because of the static import statement, we don‘t have to use System.out here
      out.println("name=" + harry.getName() + ",salary=" + harry.getSalary());
   }
}

 

程序运行结果如下:

技术分享图片

 

程序4-7如下:

 package com.horstmann.corejava;
 
 //这个文件中的类是这个包的一部分
  
 import java.time.*;
  
  //导入语句位于PACKAGE语句之后
 
 /**
  * @version 1.11 2015-05-08
  * @author Cay Horstmann
  */
 public class Employee
 {
    private String name;
    private double salary;
    private LocalDate hireDay;
 
    public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
    {
      this.name = name;
       this.salary = salary;
       hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
    }
 
    public String getName()
    {
       return name;
    }
    public double getSalary()
    {
       return salary;
    }
 
    public LocalDate getHireDay()
    {
       return hireDay;
   }
 
    public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
    {
       double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
       salary += raise;
  }
 }

实验3  编写长方形类Rectangle与圆形类Circle,其中Rectangle类设置私有属性:width,length;Circle类设置私有属性radius。编写Rectangle类的带参构造函数Rectangle(int width,int length), Circle类的带参构造函数Circle(int radius),编写两个类的toString方法(Eclipse可自动生成)。上述2个类均定义以下方法:

求周长的方法public int getPerimeter()

求面积的方法public int getArea()

在main方法中完成以下任务:

(1) 输入1行长与宽,创建一个Rectangle对象;

(2) 输入1行半径,创建一个Circle对象;

(3) 将两个对象的周长加总输出,将两个对象的面积加总输出。

程序如下:

import java.util.*;

public class Rectangle {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("输入长方形的长:");
Float length = in.nextFloat();
System.out.println("输入长方形的宽:");
Float width = in.nextFloat();
System.out.println("输入圆的半径:");
Float radius = in.nextFloat();
Rec l = new Rec(width, length);
Cir r = new Cir(radius);
System.out.println("矩形周长=" + l.getPerimeter() + "矩形面积=" + l.getArea());
System.out.println("圆周长=" + r.getPerimeter() + "圆面积=" + r.getArea());
float c = l.getPerimeter() + r.getPerimeter();
double s = l.getArea() + r.getArea();
System.out.println("矩形和圆的周长之和:" + c + "矩形和圆的面积之和:" + s);
}

}

class Rec {
private Float width;
private double length;

public Rec(Float w, Float l) {
width = w;
length = l;
}

public Float getPerimeter() {
Float Perimeter = (float) ((width + length) * 2);
return Perimeter;
}

public Float getArea() {
Float Area = (float) (width * length);
return Area;
}
}

class Cir {

private double radius;
double PI = 3.14;

public Cir(Float r) {
radius = r;
}

public Float getPerimeter() {
Float Perimeter = (float) (2 * PI * radius);
return Perimeter;
}

public Float getArea() {
Float Area = (float) (PI * radius * radius);
return Area;
}

}

程序运行结果如下:

 

技术分享图片

实验总结:本次实验首先是编译运行程序了解文件的输入输出,在实验三的基础上,进一步使用student类编写了一个Java程序。通过本次实验,我进一步了解到对象与类的定义以及各自的特点。在之前的学习中,已经了解了几种预定义类,在这周的学习中,掌握了预定义类的使用。在实验过程中,还是遇到了很多问题,比如误将float型相加,而float型加在一起要用强制转换类型,这是因为基础知识学习不够的原因。而对于新学习的知识,有很多地方还是不明白,做实验时,也是在同学和学长的帮助下,最终才完成了实验。在以后的学习过程中,自己一一定要多练习写代码,提高自己的学习能力。

 

 

 


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