标签：style class code tar ext color
fdisk –l查看dos/win/ext2分区(partiton,不是slice,slice是solaris分区)
[root@localhost etc]# /sbin/fdisk -l
Disk /dev/hda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot
Start
End
Blocks Id
System
/dev/hda1
1
991
7960176
b W95 FAT32
/dev/hda2
992
1629
5124735 83
Linux
/dev/hda3
1630
8070
51737332+ f
W95 Ext‘d (LBA)
/dev/hda4 *
8071
9730
13327776 bf
Solaris
这个是主分区,MBR(启动记录扇区)的所在
/dev/hda5
1630
1695
530113+ 82 Linux swap /
Solaris
/dev/hda6
1696
8070
51207156
b W95 FAT32
|
linux
下把DOS扩展分区和逻辑分区都按hda1,2,3,4,5,6排列。扩展分区必须在1-4内，逻辑分区必须>4
fdisk 用法
[root@vm /]# fdisk
Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device
E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda (for the first IDE
disk)
or: fdisk /dev/sdc (for the
third SCSI disk)
or: fdisk /dev/eda (for the
first PS/2 ESDI drive)
or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0 or:
fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0 (for RAID devices)
... |
mount无参数------显示当前mount上的设备
df -h 常用于代替mount和/sbin/fdisk
–l,来看当前mount情况，因为它不显示“虚mount设备”
# df -h
Filesystem
Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda2
4.8G 2.9G
1.7G 65% /
/dev/shm
93M
0
93M 0% /dev/shm |
而mount显示的虚mount太多
[root@localhost etc]# mount
/dev/hda2 on / type ext2 (rw)
/dev/proc on /proc type proc
(rw)
automount(pid1622) on /misc type autofs
(rw,fd=4,pgrp=1622,minproto=2,maxproto=4)
automount(pid1672) on /net type autofs
(rw,fd=4,pgrp=1672,minproto=2,maxproto=4)
这几个都是虚mount
/dev/hda1 on /mnt/c type vfat (rw) |
linux 下设备名
| IDE设备 |
/dev/hda1
尾字母hda,hdb表示不同的硬盘
尾数字hda1,hda2,hda3表示不同的分区
|
| SCSI Device |
/dev/sd2 |
| 光驱 |
/dev/cdrom |
| 磁带 |
/dev/rmt/0
（常用于tar）
|
| 软驱 |
/dev/fd 或
/dev/fd0 |
注意，安装linux后，不要随便换硬盘的总线，或硬盘的master/slave,因为hda,hdb,都是自动生成的，换总线后或
master/slave后，会造成/dev 设备文件和fstab内容不匹配
为什么/var都建议单独一个分区？
/var分区是存放logfile以及系统变动文件的文件系统（/var/tmp和/var/lib/mysql之类的都很大）
所以不要把/var文件系统包括再root分区里，以免有恶意程序恶意扩大日志文件来dos根分区。
为什么建议/home也单独一个分区？
一来也是为了保护/分区
二来单独分区可以单独处理，比如在其他系统下mount，tar等
/etc/fstab-------开机自动mount
windows分区
vi /etc/fstab
/dev/hda4
/mnt/wind
vfat
defaults,iocharset=utf8,umask=000
0 0
|
文件系统 mount
point
分区格式
mount参数
umask=000指定加载后的目录的权限问题,
都是0,向所有用户开放读写权限
|
mount [option]
filesystem [mount-point]
-t vfat or
ext2 -t
:Type
ext2
linux分区
vfat
dos/win分区
不设-t,缺省mount认为是vfat
|
-o
utf8
utf8是编码格式,否则中文会有问题
|
cat
/proc/filesystems
--------获得系统支持的文件系统类型
[root@localhost dev]# cat /proc/filesystems
nodev sysfs
nodev rootfs
nodev bdev
nodev proc
nodev sockfs
nodev binfmt_misc
nodev debugfs
nodev
usbfs
nodev pipefs
nodev futexfs
nodev tmpfs
nodev eventpollfs
nodev devpts
ext2
Linux用的文件系统
nodev ramfs
nodev hugetlbfs
iso9660
光盘片用的文件系统
nodev mqueue
nodev selinuxfs
nodev rpc_pipefs
nodev
autofs
autofs 光盘、软盘的自动加载
vfat
Win95/98/2000文件系统
|
Solaris 的/proc下没有filesystems,全是进程文件
最简单的mount "dos/win分区"步骤
1． Fdisk -l
[root@localhost macg]# /sbin/fdisk -l
Disk /dev/hda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device
Boot
Start
End
Blocks Id
System
/dev/hda1
1
991
7960176
b W95 FAT32
/dev/hda2
992
1629
5124735 83
Linux
/dev/hda3
1630
8070
51737332+ f
W95 Ext‘d (LBA)
/dev/hda4
*
8071
9730
13327776 bf
Solaris
Partition 4 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/hda5
1630
1695
530113+ 82 Linux swap /
Solaris
/dev/hda6
1696
8070
51207156
b W95 FAT32 |
2. mount
[root@localhost macg]# mount -t vfat /dev/hda6 /mnt/d
D盘为什么是6，因为是扩展分区上的逻辑分区
，逻辑分区都大于4
|
[root@localhost macg]# ls /mnt/d
avi
game
military
temp
CloneCD.v5.2.1.1.rar
ghostmp3cdmaker.rar
Nero_6.6.1.4.zip
The.Hot.the.Cool.&_.the.Vicious.1976.dvdrip.cd2.avi
Diablo
II
image.ccd
nero.rar
treat1
Drivers
image.img
Recycled
UltraISO_8.2.0.1665.zip
dvdoutput
image.sub
short
yao |
umount卸载的参数要针对文件系统(filesystem)，而不是mount
point
umount
/dev/hda6
mount 软盘
#mount -t ext2 /dev/fd0
/mnt/fd
|
注意在取出软盘之前要unmount
/mnt
否则会导致信息丢失
注意mount光驱,不能用-t vfat/ext2,要用-t
iso9660
# mount -t ext2 /dev/cdrom /mnt/c
mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting
read-only
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on
/dev/cdrom,
missing codepage or other error
In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
dmesg | tail or so
# mount -t vfat /dev/cdrom /mnt/c
mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting
read-only
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on
/dev/cdrom,
missing codepage or other error
In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
dmesg | tail or so |
# mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/c
mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting
read-only
# ls /mnt/c
stuck |
redhat下，真正的光驱设备文件是设备文件，其他的都是链接
# ls -l
crw------- 1 root root 10, 134
Feb 7 2007 apm_bios
crw------- 1 root root
14, 4 Feb
7 2007 audio
lrwxrwxrwx 1
root
root
3 Feb 7 2007 cdrom
-> hdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1
root
root
3 Feb 7 2007 cdwriter
-> hdb
crw-rw---- 1 root
root
5, 1 Feb
7 2007 console
lrwxrwxrwx 1
root
root
3 Feb 7 2007 dvd
-> hdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1
root
root
3 Feb 7 2007 dvdwriter
-> hdb
brw-r----- 1 root
disk
3, 9 Feb
7 2007 hda9
brw-rw---- 1
root disk 3,
64 Feb 7 2007
hdb
|
看dmesg
[root@localhost dev]# dmesg
hdb: ATAPI 48X DVD-ROM DVD-R
CD-R/RW drive, 2048kB Cache
|
写保护错误write-protected，但仍旧mount上（read-only)
[root@localhost xinetd.d]# mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom
/mnt/c
mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting
read-only |
[root@localhost xinetd.d]# mount -t iso9660 /dev/dvdwriter
/mnt/c
mount: block device /dev/dvdwriter is write-protected, mounting
read-only
mount: /dev/dvdwriter already
mounted or /mnt/c busy
mount: according to mtab, /dev/hdb is already mounted on
/mnt/c
[root@localhost xinetd.d]# ls /mnt/c
autorun
images
RELEASE-NOTES
RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-rawhide
eula.txt
isolinux
RPM-GPG-KEY
RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-test
GPL
README-Accessibility
RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora TRANS.TBL
|
linux 下没什么虚拟光驱的操作，直接mount iso
文件即可
| [root@localhost ymp]# mount -o loop RHEL4-U4-i386-AS-disc1.iso
/mnt/d/disk1 |
[root@localhost ymp]# ls /mnt/d/disk1
autorun
RELEASE-NOTES-bn.html
RELEASE-NOTES-U1-it.html
RELEASE-NOTES-U2-ta.html
RELEASE-NOTES-U4-en.html
EULA
RELEASE-NOTES-de.html
RELEASE-NOTES-U1-ja.html
RELEASE-NOTES-U2-zh_CN.html
RELEASE-NOTES-U4-es.html
GPL |
mount iso 文件，必须加 -o loop参数
[root@localhost mnt]# mount /mnt/d/ymp/RHEL4-U4-i386-AS-disc1.iso
/mnt/cd
mount: /mnt/d/ymp/RHEL4-U4-i386-AS-disc1.iso is not a block device
(maybe try `-o
loop‘?)
mount 后的iso文件和光盘一样，也是只读的
[root@localhost cd]# chmod +w isolinux/isolinux.bin
chmod: changing permissions of `isolinux/isolinux.bin‘: Read-only
file system
mount U盘
USB U盘和USB硬盘的对应设备文件和scsi
设备重名
都是/dev/sda
/dev/sdb /dev/sdc
新redhat,插上U盘后，linux自动找到USB设备，可以通过fdisk -l查到
[root@mail home]# /sbin/fdisk -l
Disk /dev/hda: 10.0 GB, 10005037568 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1216 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device
Boot
Start
End
Blocks Id
System
/dev/hda1
*
1
13
104391 83
Linux
/dev/hda2
14
1216
9663097+ 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/dm-0: 9294 MB, 9294577664 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn‘t contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/dm-1: 536 MB, 536870912 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/dm-1 doesn‘t contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sda: 128 MB, 128974336
bytes
16 heads, 32 sectors/track, 491 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 512 * 512 = 262144 bytes
Device
Boot
Start
End
Blocks Id
System
/dev/sda1
*
1
492
125928+ 6
FAT16
Partition 1 has different physical/logical endings:
phys=(499, 15, 32) logical=(491, 15, 32)
|
虽然设备自动找到了，但mount还必须手工
把 fdisk -l 查到的U盘设备mount到目录中
[root@mail sbin]# mkdir /mnt/usb
[root@mail sbin]# mount /dev/sda1
/mnt/usb
[root@mail sbin]# ls /mnt/usb
10.wma
16.wma
5293.mp3
7406.mp3
am2-bach.wma
beethoven4.wma
do12.wma
kisin3.mp3 11.wma
17.wma
5706.mp3
7.wma
am4-bach.wma
beethoven5.wma
do15.wma
mozart570.wma kisin25.mp3
|
solaris 如何使用usb设备
cd /dev/dsk
ls -l 查看usb设备 |
mount -F pcfs
/dev/dsk/设备名字 /mountpoint
跟linux不同，linux缺省类型是vfat，所以可以不设-t
vfat
而solaris缺省类型是ufs,所以必须显示设置-F
pcfs
|
linux文件系统和mount（硬盘,win分区，光驱，U盘）,搜素材,soscw.com
linux文件系统和mount（硬盘,win分区，光驱，U盘）
标签：style class code tar ext color
原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/bluewelkin/p/3809121.html