python面向对象总结
2020-12-13 04:05
标签:浅复制 四种 状态 里氏替换 小问题 dea 管理 elf static 三大支柱:封装、继承、多态 例子:工资结算系统。 类与类之间的关系 例子:扑克游戏。
"""
月薪结算系统 - 部门经理每月15000 程序员每小时200 销售员1800底薪加销售额5%提成
"""
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
class Employee(metaclass=ABCMeta):
"""员工(抽象类)"""
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
@abstractmethod
def get_salary(self):
"""结算月薪(抽象方法)"""
pass
class Manager(Employee):
"""部门经理"""
def get_salary(self):
return 15000.0
class Programmer(Employee):
"""程序员"""
def __init__(self, name, working_hour=0):
self.working_hour = working_hour
super().__init__(name)
def get_salary(self):
return 200.0 * self.working_hour
class Salesman(Employee):
"""销售员"""
def __init__(self, name, sales=0.0):
self.sales = sales
super().__init__(name)
def get_salary(self):
return 1800.0 + self.sales * 0.05
class EmployeeFactory():
"""创建员工的工厂(工厂模式 - 通过工厂实现对象使用者和对象之间的解耦合)"""
@staticmethod
def create(emp_type, *args, **kwargs):
"""创建员工"""
emp_type = emp_type.upper()
emp = None
if emp_type == ‘M‘:
emp = Manager(*args, **kwargs)
elif emp_type == ‘P‘:
emp = Programmer(*args, **kwargs)
elif emp_type == ‘S‘:
emp = Salesman(*args, **kwargs)
return emp
def main():
"""主函数"""
emps = [
EmployeeFactory.create(‘M‘, ‘曹操‘),
EmployeeFactory.create(‘P‘, ‘荀彧‘, 120),
EmployeeFactory.create(‘P‘, ‘郭嘉‘, 85),
EmployeeFactory.create(‘S‘, ‘典韦‘, 123000),
]
for emp in emps:
print(‘%s: %.2f元‘ % (emp.name, emp.get_salary()))
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
main()
"""
经验:符号常量总是优于字面常量,枚举类型是定义符号常量的最佳选择
"""
from enum import Enum, unique
import random
@unique
class Suite(Enum):
"""花色"""
SPADE, HEART, CLUB, DIAMOND = range(4)
def __lt__(self, other):
return self.value class Card():
"""牌"""
def __init__(self, suite, face):
"""初始化方法"""
self.suite = suite
self.face = face
def show(self):
"""显示牌面"""
suites = [‘♠?‘, ‘♥?‘, ‘♣?‘, ‘♦?‘]
faces = [‘‘, ‘A‘, ‘2‘, ‘3‘, ‘4‘, ‘5‘, ‘6‘, ‘7‘, ‘8‘, ‘9‘, ‘10‘, ‘J‘, ‘Q‘, ‘K‘]
return f‘{suites[self.suite.value]} {faces[self.face]}‘
def __str__(self):
return self.show()
def __repr__(self):
return self.show()
class Poker():
"""扑克"""
def __init__(self):
self.index = 0
self.cards = [Card(suite, face)
for suite in Suite
for face in range(1, 14)]
def shuffle(self):
"""洗牌(随机乱序)"""
random.shuffle(self.cards)
self.index = 0
def deal(self):
"""发牌"""
card = self.cards[self.index]
self.index += 1
return card
@property
def has_more(self):
return self.index len(self.cards)
class Player():
"""玩家"""
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
self.cards = []
def get_one(self, card):
"""摸一张牌"""
self.cards.append(card)
def sort(self, comp=lambda card: (card.suite, card.face)):
"""整理手上的牌"""
self.cards.sort(key=comp)
def main():
"""主函数"""
poker = Poker()
poker.shuffle()
players = [Player(‘东邪‘), Player(‘西毒‘), Player(‘南帝‘), Player(‘北丐‘)]
while poker.has_more:
for player in players:
player.get_one(poker.deal())
for player in players:
player.sort()
print(player.name, end=‘: ‘)
print(player.cards)
if
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