python爬虫-代理池的维护
2020-12-13 06:15
标签：获取 error 讲解 free web 成功 ima cbt metaclass 简介 我们可以从网上或者付费获取大量代理，但是这其中很多依然不可用，那么搭建高效的代理池，对代理ip进行筛选是十分必要的 准备工作： 安装Redis数据库，还需要安装aiohttp、requests、redis-py、pyquery、Flask库，安装流程请百度自行查询 由于文件内容较多，所以就不一一讲解了，直接创建一个Python Package模块包，下次直接调用 创建一个Python Package包，取名为proxypool 一.创建一个setting.py文件，用于存放配置信息。代码如下： 二.创建error.py文件，处理代理池枯竭情况 三.创建存储模块，用于进行代理ip的存储，删除，更新等等操作 四.创建一个importer.py文件，用于录入ip代理： 五.创建utils.py文件,用于抓取网页，代码如下： 六.获取模块，创建crawler.py文件，用于从各大网站抓取代理 七.创建getter.py文件，用于动态的调用所有以crawl开头的方法，获取抓取到的代理，存储到数据库中 八.检测模块：创建tester.py文件，测试ip代理 九.接口模块：用于对接数据库，创建api.py文件 十.调度模块：将以上三大模块通过多进程的形式运行起来，创建scheduler.py文件 运行 调用scheduler的run()方法就能启动整个代理池 然后打开浏览器http://127.0.0.1:5555可以看到首页 访问http://127.0.0.1:5555/random,可以获得随机可用代理 获取代码如下，并且使用网站http://httpbin.org/get进行模拟操作 付费代理 不同的付费代理各不相同，但是基本规则相差不大，比较常见的有讯代理，阿布云代理，大象代理等等 下面以大象代理为例，获取到代理接口链接，可以直接使用其中的代理ip，也可以将其放入代理池进行检验，放到crawler.py中，下次只需要重新添加链接即可使用 python爬虫-代理池的维护 标签：获取 error 讲解 free web 成功 ima cbt metaclass 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/nikecode/p/11172045.html# Redis数据库地址
REDIS_HOST = ‘127.0.0.1‘
# Redis端口
REDIS_PORT = 6379
# Redis密码，如无填None
REDIS_PASSWORD = None
REDIS_KEY = ‘proxies‘
# 代理分数
MAX_SCORE = 100
MIN_SCORE = 0
INITIAL_SCORE = 10
VALID_STATUS_CODES = [200, 302]
# 代理池数量界限
POOL_UPPER_THRESHOLD = 50000
# 检查周期
TESTER_CYCLE = 20
# 获取周期
GETTER_CYCLE = 300
# 测试API，建议抓哪个网站测哪个
TEST_URL = ‘http://www.baidu.com‘
# API配置
API_HOST = ‘0.0.0.0‘
API_PORT = 5555
class PoolEmptyError(Exception):
def __init__(self):
Exception.__init__(self)
def __str__(self):
return repr(‘代理池已经枯竭‘)
import redis
from proxypool.error import PoolEmptyError
from proxypool.setting import REDIS_HOST, REDIS_PORT, REDIS_PASSWORD, REDIS_KEY
from proxypool.setting import MAX_SCORE, MIN_SCORE, INITIAL_SCORE
from random import choice
import re
class RedisClient(object):
def __init__(self, host=REDIS_HOST, port=REDIS_PORT, password=REDIS_PASSWORD):
"""
初始化
:param host: Redis 地址
:param port: Redis 端口
:param password: Redis密码
"""
self.db = redis.StrictRedis(host=host, port=port, password=password, decode_responses=True)
def add(self, proxy, score=INITIAL_SCORE):
"""
添加代理，设置分数为最高
:param proxy: 代理
:param score: 分数
:return: 添加结果
"""
if not re.match(‘\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+\:\d+‘, proxy):
print(‘代理不符合规范‘, proxy, ‘丢弃‘)
return
if not self.db.zscore(REDIS_KEY, proxy):
return self.db.zadd(REDIS_KEY, score, proxy)
def random(self):
"""
随机获取有效代理，首先尝试获取最高分数代理，如果不存在，按照排名获取，否则异常
:return: 随机代理
"""
result = self.db.zrangebyscore(REDIS_KEY, MAX_SCORE, MAX_SCORE)
if len(result):
return choice(result)
else:
result = self.db.zrevrange(REDIS_KEY, 0, 100)
if len(result):
return choice(result)
else:
raise PoolEmptyError
def decrease(self, proxy):
"""
代理值减一分，小于最小值则删除
:param proxy: 代理
:return: 修改后的代理分数
"""
score = self.db.zscore(REDIS_KEY, proxy)
if score and score > MIN_SCORE:
print(‘代理‘, proxy, ‘当前分数‘, score, ‘减1‘)
return self.db.zincrby(REDIS_KEY, proxy, -1)
else:
print(‘代理‘, proxy, ‘当前分数‘, score, ‘移除‘)
return self.db.zrem(REDIS_KEY, proxy)
def exists(self, proxy):
"""
判断是否存在
:param proxy: 代理
:return: 是否存在
"""
return not self.db.zscore(REDIS_KEY, proxy) == None
def max(self, proxy):
"""
将代理设置为MAX_SCORE
:param proxy: 代理
:return: 设置结果
"""
print(‘代理‘, proxy, ‘可用，设置为‘, MAX_SCORE)
return self.db.zadd(REDIS_KEY, MAX_SCORE, proxy)
def count(self):
"""
获取数量
:return: 数量
"""
return self.db.zcard(REDIS_KEY)
def all(self):
"""
获取全部代理
:return: 全部代理列表
"""
return self.db.zrangebyscore(REDIS_KEY, MIN_SCORE, MAX_SCORE)
def batch(self, start, stop):
"""
批量获取
:param start: 开始索引
:param stop: 结束索引
:return: 代理列表
"""
return self.db.zrevrange(REDIS_KEY, start, stop - 1)
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
conn = RedisClient()
result = conn.batch(680, 688)
print(result)
from proxypool.db import RedisClient
conn = RedisClient()
def set(proxy):
result = conn.add(proxy)
print(proxy)
print(‘录入成功‘ if result else ‘录入失败‘)
def scan():
print(‘请输入代理, 输入exit退出读入‘)
while True:
proxy = input()
if proxy == ‘exit‘:
break
set(proxy)
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
scan()
import requests
from requests.exceptions import ConnectionError
base_headers = {
‘User-Agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.71 Safari/537.36‘,
‘Accept-Encoding‘: ‘gzip, deflate, sdch‘,
‘Accept-Language‘: ‘en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7‘
}
def get_page(url, options={}):
"""
抓取代理
:param url:
:param options:
:return:
"""
headers = dict(base_headers, **options)
print(‘正在抓取‘, url)
try:
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
print(‘抓取成功‘, url, response.status_code)
if response.status_code == 200:
return response.text
except ConnectionError:
print(‘抓取失败‘, url)
return None
import json
import re
from .utils import get_page
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
class ProxyMetaclass(type):
def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
count = 0
attrs[‘__CrawlFunc__‘] = []
for k, v in attrs.items():
if ‘crawl_‘ in k:
attrs[‘__CrawlFunc__‘].append(k)
count += 1
attrs[‘__CrawlFuncCount__‘] = count
return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
class Crawler(object, metaclass=ProxyMetaclass):
def get_proxies(self, callback):
proxies = []
for proxy in eval("self.{}()".format(callback)):
print(‘成功获取到代理‘, proxy)
proxies.append(proxy)
return proxies
def crawl_daili66(self, page_count=4):
"""
获取代理66
:param page_count: 页码
:return: 代理
"""
start_url = ‘http://www.66ip.cn/{}.html‘
urls = [start_url.format(page) for page in range(1, page_count + 1)]
for url in urls:
print(‘Crawling‘, url)
html = get_page(url)
if html:
doc = pq(html)
trs = doc(‘.containerbox table tr:gt(0)‘).items()
for tr in trs:
ip = tr.find(‘td:nth-child(1)‘).text()
port = tr.find(‘td:nth-child(2)‘).text()
yield ‘:‘.join([ip, port])
def crawl_ip3366(self):
for page in range(1, 4):
start_url = ‘http://www.ip3366.net/free/?stype=1&page={}‘.format(page)
html = get_page(start_url)
ip_address = re.compile(‘
\s* (.*?) \s*(.*?)
‘)
# \s * 匹配空格，起到换行作用
re_ip_address = ip_address.findall(html)
for address, port in re_ip_address:
result = address + ‘:‘ + port
yield result.replace(‘ ‘, ‘‘)
def crawl_kuaidaili(self):
for i in range(1, 4):
start_url = ‘http://www.kuaidaili.com/free/inha/{}/‘.format(i)
html = get_page(start_url)
if html:
ip_address = re.compile(‘(.*?)
‘)
re_ip_address = ip_address.findall(html)
port = re.compile(‘(.*?)
‘)
re_port = port.findall(html)
for address, port in zip(re_ip_address, re_port):
address_port = address + ‘:‘ + port
yield address_port.replace(‘ ‘, ‘‘)
def crawl_xicidaili(self):
for i in range(1, 3):
start_url = ‘http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/{}‘.format(i)
headers = {
‘Accept‘: ‘text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8‘,
‘Cookie‘: ‘_free_proxy_session=BAh7B0kiD3Nlc3Npb25faWQGOgZFVEkiJWRjYzc5MmM1MTBiMDMzYTUzNTZjNzA4NjBhNWRjZjliBjsAVEkiEF9jc3JmX3Rva2VuBjsARkkiMUp6S2tXT3g5a0FCT01ndzlmWWZqRVJNek1WanRuUDBCbTJUN21GMTBKd3M9BjsARg%3D%3D--2a69429cb2115c6a0cc9a86e0ebe2800c0d471b3‘,
‘Host‘: ‘www.xicidaili.com‘,
‘Referer‘: ‘http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/3‘,
‘Upgrade-Insecure-Requests‘: ‘1‘,
}
html = get_page(start_url, options=headers)
if html:
find_trs = re.compile(‘(.*?) ‘, re.S)
trs = find_trs.findall(html)
for tr in trs:
find_ip = re.compile(‘(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)
‘)
re_ip_address = find_ip.findall(tr)
find_port = re.compile(‘(\d+)
‘)
re_port = find_port.findall(tr)
for address, port in zip(re_ip_address, re_port):
address_port = address + ‘:‘ + port
yield address_port.replace(‘ ‘, ‘‘)
def crawl_ip3366(self):
for i in range(1, 4):
start_url = ‘http://www.ip3366.net/?stype=1&page={}‘.format(i)
html = get_page(start_url)
if html:
find_tr = re.compile(‘(.*?) ‘, re.S)
trs = find_tr.findall(html)
for s in range(1, len(trs)):
find_ip = re.compile(‘(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)
‘)
re_ip_address = find_ip.findall(trs[s])
find_port = re.compile(‘(\d+)
‘)
re_port = find_port.findall(trs[s])
for address, port in zip(re_ip_address, re_port):
address_port = address + ‘:‘ + port
yield address_port.replace(‘ ‘, ‘‘)
def crawl_iphai(self):
start_url = ‘http://www.iphai.com/‘
html = get_page(start_url)
if html:
find_tr = re.compile(‘(.*?) ‘, re.S)
trs = find_tr.findall(html)
for s in range(1, len(trs)):
find_ip = re.compile(‘\s+(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)\s+
‘, re.S)
re_ip_address = find_ip.findall(trs[s])
find_port = re.compile(‘\s+(\d+)\s+
‘, re.S)
re_port = find_port.findall(trs[s])
for address, port in zip(re_ip_address, re_port):
address_port = address + ‘:‘ + port
yield address_port.replace(‘ ‘, ‘‘)
def crawl_data5u(self):
start_url = ‘http://www.data5u.com/free/gngn/index.shtml‘
headers = {
‘Accept‘: ‘text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8‘,
‘Accept-Encoding‘: ‘gzip, deflate‘,
‘Accept-Language‘: ‘en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7‘,
‘Cache-Control‘: ‘max-age=0‘,
‘Connection‘: ‘keep-alive‘,
‘Cookie‘: ‘JSESSIONID=47AA0C887112A2D83EE040405F837A86‘,
‘Host‘: ‘www.data5u.com‘,
‘Referer‘: ‘http://www.data5u.com/free/index.shtml‘,
‘Upgrade-Insecure-Requests‘: ‘1‘,
‘User-Agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.108 Safari/537.36‘,
}
html = get_page(start_url, options=headers)
if html:
ip_address = re.compile(‘from proxypool.tester import Tester
from proxypool.db import RedisClient
from proxypool.crawler import Crawler
from proxypool.setting import *
import sys
class Getter():
def __init__(self):
self.redis = RedisClient()
self.crawler = Crawler()
def is_over_threshold(self):
"""
判断是否达到了代理池限制
"""
if self.redis.count() >= POOL_UPPER_THRESHOLD:
return True
else:
return False
def run(self):
print(‘获取器开始执行‘)
if not self.is_over_threshold():
for callback_label in range(self.crawler.__CrawlFuncCount__):
callback = self.crawler.__CrawlFunc__[callback_label]
# 获取代理
proxies = self.crawler.get_proxies(callback)
sys.stdout.flush()
for proxy in proxies:
self.redis.add(proxy)
import asyncio
import aiohttp
import time
import sys
try:
from aiohttp import ClientError
except:
from aiohttp import ClientProxyConnectionError as ProxyConnectionError
from proxypool.db import RedisClient
from proxypool.setting import *
class Tester(object):
def __init__(self):
self.redis = RedisClient()
async def test_single_proxy(self, proxy):
"""
测试单个代理
:param proxy:
:return:
"""
conn = aiohttp.TCPConnector(verify_ssl=False)
async with aiohttp.ClientSession(connector=conn) as session:
try:
if isinstance(proxy, bytes):
proxy = proxy.decode(‘utf-8‘)
real_proxy = ‘http://‘ + proxy
print(‘正在测试‘, proxy)
async with session.get(TEST_URL, proxy=real_proxy, timeout=15, allow_redirects=False) as response:
if response.status in VALID_STATUS_CODES:
self.redis.max(proxy)
print(‘代理可用‘, proxy)
else:
self.redis.decrease(proxy)
print(‘请求响应码不合法 ‘, response.status, ‘IP‘, proxy)
except (ClientError, aiohttp.client_exceptions.ClientConnectorError, asyncio.TimeoutError, AttributeError):
self.redis.decrease(proxy)
print(‘代理请求失败‘, proxy)
def run(self):
"""
测试主函数
:return:
"""
print(‘测试器开始运行‘)
try:
count = self.redis.count()
print(‘当前剩余‘, count, ‘个代理‘)
for i in range(0, count, BATCH_TEST_SIZE):
start = i
stop = min(i + BATCH_TEST_SIZE, count)
print(‘正在测试第‘, start + 1, ‘-‘, stop, ‘个代理‘)
test_proxies = self.redis.batch(start, stop)
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
tasks = [self.test_single_proxy(proxy) for proxy in test_proxies]
loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))
sys.stdout.flush()
time.sleep(5)
except Exception as e:
print(‘测试器发生错误‘, e.args)
from flask import Flask, g
from .db import RedisClient
__all__ = [‘app‘]
app = Flask(__name__)
def get_conn():
if not hasattr(g, ‘redis‘):
g.redis = RedisClient()
return g.redis
@app.route(‘/‘)
def index():
return ‘
Welcome to Proxy Pool System
‘
@app.route(‘/random‘)
def get_proxy():
"""
Get a proxy
:return: 随机代理
"""
conn = get_conn()
return conn.random()
@app.route(‘/count‘)
def get_counts():
"""
Get the count of proxies
:return: 代理池总量
"""
conn = get_conn()
return str(conn.count())
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
app.run()import time
from multiprocessing import Process
from proxypool.api import app
from proxypool.getter import Getter
from proxypool.tester import Tester
from proxypool.db import RedisClient
from proxypool.setting import *
class Scheduler():
def schedule_tester(self, cycle=TESTER_CYCLE):
"""
定时测试代理
"""
tester = Tester()
while True:
print(‘测试器开始运行‘)
tester.run()
time.sleep(cycle)
def schedule_getter(self, cycle=GETTER_CYCLE):
"""
定时获取代理
"""
getter = Getter()
while True:
print(‘开始抓取代理‘)
getter.run()
time.sleep(cycle)
def schedule_api(self):
"""
开启API
"""
app.run(API_HOST, API_PORT)
def run(self):
print(‘代理池开始运行‘)
if TESTER_ENABLED:
tester_process = Process(target=self.schedule_tester)
tester_process.start()
if GETTER_ENABLED:
getter_process = Process(target=self.schedule_getter)
getter_process.start()
if API_ENABLED:
api_process = Process(target=self.schedule_api)
api_process.start()
import requests
PROXY_POOL_URL = "http://127.0.0.1:5555/random"
def get_proxy():
try:
response = requests.get(PROXY_POOL_URL)
if response.status_code == 200:
return response.text
except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:
#print("没有获取到代理ip，请检查代理池内部")
return None
#---------------------------------------------------------
proxy = get_proxy()
proxies = {
"http":"http://"+proxy,
"https":"https://"+proxy,
}
try:
response = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get",proxies=proxies)
print(response.text)
except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as e:
print("Error",e.args)
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