如何在Win8.1和Win2012上运用PowerShell快速生成、安装、导出自签名证书 (Self-Signed Certificate)

2020-12-13 14:52

阅读：452

标签：des style blog http io color os ar 使用

自签名证书用途很广，测试，开发，本地或者云端网站（比如Microsoft Azure Web Site）都会使用到。本文会介绍一种在Win8.1和Win2012 R2上使用PowerShell快速生成自签名证书，自动导出私钥并在LocalMachine\My和LocalMachine\Root下自动安装的方法。非常易用。

目前来说，我们已有的创建Self-Signed证书方法包括用MakeCert和CertMgr的，用SelfSSL或SelfSSL7的，用IIS 7/8自带功能的，或者用比较复杂的PowerShell脚本. 这些方法会要求记住多个命令行复杂的参数，或者手工UI操作，或者对证书生成的细节逻辑有比较深的认识。这里的脚本方法是使用新系统下自带的Powershell PKI Cmdlet, 只需要告诉最基本的证书Subject, 私钥保护密码，和导出私钥的路径即可：

GenerateSelfSignedCert www.mytest.com MyTestPassword c:\temp\mytest.pfx

使用的函数定义如下

# 

.DESCRIPTION 

SelfSignedCertificate AutoScript 

.NOTES 

Author: Freist Li

Last Updated: 10/30/2014

#>

#Cert Genearation Related Functions

#********************************************************************************************************************

#Create Cert, install Cert to My, install Cert to Root, Export Cert as pfx

Function GenerateSelfSignedCert{

Param (

$certcn,

$password,

$certfilepath

)

#Check if the certificate name was used before

$thumbprintA=(dir cert:\localmachine\My -recurse | where {$_.Subject -match "CN=" + $certcn} | Select-Object -Last 1).thumbprint

if ($thumbprintA.Length -gt 0)

{

Write-Host "Duplicated Cert Name used" -ForegroundColor Cyan

return

}

else

{

$thumbprintA=New-SelfSignedCertificate -DnsName $certcn -CertStoreLocation cert:\LocalMachine\My |ForEach-Object{ $_.Thumbprint}

}

#If generated successfully

if ($thumbprintA.Length -gt 0) 

{

#query the new installed cerificate again

$thumbprintB=(dir cert:\localmachine\My -recurse | where {$_.Subject -match "CN=" + $certcn} | Select-Object -Last 1).thumbprint

#If new cert installed sucessfully with the same thumbprint

if($thumbprintA -eq $thumbprintB )

{

$message = $certcn + " installed into LocalMachine\My successfully with thumprint "+$thumbprintA

Write-Host $message -ForegroundColor Cyan

$mypwd = ConvertTo-SecureString -String $password -Force –§CAsPlainText

Write-Host "Exporting Certificate as .pfx file" -ForegroundColor Cyan

Export-PfxCertificate -FilePath $certfilepath -Cert cert:\localmachine\My\$thumbprintA -Password $mypwd

Write-Host "Importing Certificate to LocalMachine\Root" -ForegroundColor Cyan

Import-PfxCertificate -FilePath $certfilepath -Password $mypwd -CertStoreLocation cert:\LocalMachine\Root

}

else

{

Write-Host "Thumbprint is not the same between new cert and installed cert." -ForegroundColor Cyan

}

}

else

{

$message = $certcn + " is not created"

Write-Host $message -ForegroundColor Cyan

}

}