标签:subject 指定 complex tty c 语言 char void str amp
结构体写法形式有点像枚举,本身意义更像数组,但可以是一组不同类型的数据。
1,用结构体表示一本书的数据:
struct Books
{
char title[50];
char author[50];
char subject[100];
int book_id;
} book;
结构体的形式:
struct tag {
member-list
member-list
member-list
...
} variable-list ;
在一般情况下,tag、member-list、variable-list 这 3 部分至少要出现 2 个。以下为实例:
1,//这个结构体并没有标明其标签
struct
{
int a;
char b;
double c;
} s1;
2,//此声明声明了拥有3个成员的结构体,分别为整型的a,字符型的b和双精度的c
//结构体的标签被命名为SIMPLE,没有声明变量
struct SIMPLE
{
int a;
char b;
double c;
};
//用SIMPLE标签的结构体,另外声明了变量t1、t2、t3
struct SIMPLE t1, t2[20], *t3;
3,//也可以用typedef创建新类型
typedef struct
{
int a;
char b;
double c;
} Simple2;
//现在可以用Simple2作为类型声明新的结构体变量
Simple2 u1, u2[20], *u3;
1,和2的声明会被编译器当作两个完全不同的类型,如果令 t3=&s1,则是非法的。
个人理解就像java中类的成员一样,如果类名称不一,依然是两个不同类。
2,结构体的成员可以包含其他结构体,也可以包含指向自己结构体类型的指针
//此结构体的声明包含了其他的结构体
struct COMPLEX
{
char string[100];
struct SIMPLE a;
};
//此结构体的声明包含了指向自己类型的指针
struct NODE
{
char string[100];
struct NODE *next_node;
};
3,如果两个结构体互相包含,则需要对其中一个结构体进行不完整声明
这样好理解,要用之前至少大概类型占位符占个坑吧
struct B; //对结构体B进行不完整声明
//结构体A中包含指向结构体B的指针
struct A
{
struct B *partner;
//other members;
};
//结构体B中包含指向结构体A的指针,在A声明完后,B也随之进行声明
struct B
{
struct A *partner;
//other members;
};
4,定义时指定初始值
#include struct Books
{
char title[50];
char author[50];
char subject[100];
int book_id;
} book = {"C 语言", "RUNOOB", "编程语言", 123456};
int main()
{
printf("title : %s\nauthor: %s\nsubject: %s\nbook_id: %d\n", book.title, book.author, book.subject, book.book_id);
}执行:
title : C 语言
author: RUNOOB
subject: 编程语言
book_id: 123456
5,访问结构成员
使用成员访问运算符点(.),使用 struct 关键字来定义结构类型的变量
#include
#include string.h>
struct Books
{
char title[50];
char author[50];
char subject[100];
int book_id;
};
int main( )
{
struct Books Book1; /* 声明 Book1,类型为 Books */
struct Books Book2; /* 声明 Book2,类型为 Books */
/* Book1 详述 */
strcpy( Book1.title, "C Programming");
strcpy( Book1.author, "Nuha Ali");
strcpy( Book1.subject, "C Programming Tutorial");
Book1.book_id = 6495407;
/* Book2 详述 */
strcpy( Book2.title, "Telecom Billing");
strcpy( Book2.author, "Zara Ali");
strcpy( Book2.subject, "Telecom Billing Tutorial");
Book2.book_id = 6495700;
/* 输出 Book1 信息 */
printf( "Book 1 title : %s\n", Book1.title);
printf( "Book 1 author : %s\n", Book1.author);
printf( "Book 1 subject : %s\n", Book1.subject);
printf( "Book 1 book_id : %d\n", Book1.book_id);
/* 输出 Book2 信息 */
printf( "Book 2 title : %s\n", Book2.title);
printf( "Book 2 author : %s\n", Book2.author);
printf( "Book 2 subject : %s\n", Book2.subject);
printf( "Book 2 book_id : %d\n", Book2.book_id);
return 0;
}
输出:
Book 1 title : C Programming
Book 1 author : Nuha Ali
Book 1 subject : C Programming Tutorial
Book 1 book_id : 6495407
Book 2 title : Telecom Billing
Book 2 author : Zara Ali
Book 2 subject : Telecom Billing Tutorial
Book 2 book_id : 6495700
6,结构作为函数参数
#include
#include string.h>
struct Books
{
char title[50];
char author[50];
char subject[100];
int book_id;
};
/* 函数声明 */
void printBook( struct Books book );
int main( )
{
struct Books Book1; /* 声明 Book1,类型为 Books */
struct Books Book2; /* 声明 Book2,类型为 Books */
/* Book1 详述 */
strcpy( Book1.title, "C Programming");
strcpy( Book1.author, "Nuha Ali");
strcpy( Book1.subject, "C Programming Tutorial");
Book1.book_id = 6495407;
/* Book2 详述 */
strcpy( Book2.title, "Telecom Billing");
strcpy( Book2.author, "Zara Ali");
strcpy( Book2.subject, "Telecom Billing Tutorial");
Book2.book_id = 6495700;
/* 输出 Book1 信息 */
printBook( Book1 );
/* 输出 Book2 信息 */
printBook( Book2 );
return 0;
}
void printBook( struct Books book )
{
printf( "Book title : %s\n", book.title);
printf( "Book author : %s\n", book.author);
printf( "Book subject : %s\n", book.subject);
printf( "Book book_id : %d\n", book.book_id);
}
当上面的代码被编译和执行时,它会产生下列结果:
Book title : C Programming
Book author : Nuha Ali
Book subject : C Programming Tutorial
Book book_id : 6495407
Book title : Telecom Billing
Book author : Zara Ali
Book subject : Telecom Billing Tutorial
Book book_id : 6495700
7,指向结构的指针
struct Books *struct_pointer;
通过&获取地址
如果是采用指针,使用 -> 运算符得到成员
例子:
#include
#include string.h>
struct Books
{
char title[50];
char author[50];
char subject[100];
int book_id;
};
/* 函数声明 */
void printBook( struct Books *book );
int main( )
{
struct Books Book1; /* 声明 Book1,类型为 Books */
struct Books Book2; /* 声明 Book2,类型为 Books */
/* Book1 详述 */
strcpy( Book1.title, "C Programming");
strcpy( Book1.author, "Nuha Ali");
strcpy( Book1.subject, "C Programming Tutorial");
Book1.book_id = 6495407;
/* Book2 详述 */
strcpy( Book2.title, "Telecom Billing");
strcpy( Book2.author, "Zara Ali");
strcpy( Book2.subject, "Telecom Billing Tutorial");
Book2.book_id = 6495700;
/* 通过传 Book1 的地址来输出 Book1 信息 */
printBook( &Book1 );
/* 通过传 Book2 的地址来输出 Book2 信息 */
printBook( &Book2 );
return 0;
}
void printBook( struct Books *book )
{
printf( "Book title : %s\n", book->title);
printf( "Book author : %s\n", book->author);
printf( "Book subject : %s\n", book->subject);
printf( "Book book_id : %d\n", book->book_id);
}
当上面的代码被编译和执行时,它会产生下列结果:
Book title : C Programming
Book author : Nuha Ali
Book subject : C Programming Tutorial
Book book_id : 6495407
Book title : Telecom Billing
Book author : Zara Ali
Book subject : Telecom Billing Tutorial
Book book_id : 6495700
C语言速记6(结构体)
标签:subject 指定 complex tty c 语言 char void str amp
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/straybirds/p/14782362.html